{"title":"A cross-sectional investigation of HIV prevalence and risk factors among African, Caribbean and Black people in Ontario: The A/C Study.","authors":"Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Winston Husbands, Shamara Baidoobonso, Daeria Lawson, Muna Aden, Josephine Etowa, LaRon Nelson, Wangari Tharao","doi":"","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has disproportionately affected African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) communities in Canada. We investigated the prevalence and factors associated with HIV infection among ACB people in Ontario.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey of first- and second-generation ACB people aged 15-64 years in Toronto and Ottawa (Ontario, Canada). We collected sociodemographic information, self-reported HIV status and offered dried blood spot (DBS) testing to determine the prevalence of HIV infection. Factors associated with HIV infection were investigated using regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,380 people were interviewed and 834 (60.4%) tested for HIV. The HIV prevalence was 7.5% overall (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.1-8.0) and 6.6% (95% CI 6.1-7.1) in the adult population (15-49 years). Higher age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.8; 95% CI 2.77-2.82), birth outside of Canada (aOR 4.7; 95% CI 1.50-14.71), French language (aOR 9.83; 95% CI 5.19-18.61), unemployment (aOR 1.85; 95% CI 1.62-2.11), part-time employment (aOR 4.64; 95% CI 4.32-4.99), substance use during sex (aOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.47-1.88) and homosexual (aOR 19.68; 95% CI 7.64-50.71) and bisexual orientation (aOR 2.82; 95% CI 1.19-6.65) were associated with a positive HIV test. Those with a high school (aOR 0.01; 95% CI 0.01-0.02), college (aOR 0.00; 95% CI 0.00-0.01) or university education (aOR 0.00; 95% CI 0.00-0.01), more adequate housing (aOR 0.85; 95% CI 0.82-0.88), a higher social capital score (aOR 0.61; 95% CI 0.49-0.74) and a history of sexually transmitted infections (aOR 0.40; 95% CI 0.18-0.91) were less likely to have a positive HIV test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Human immunodeficiency virus infection is linked to sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and behavioural factors among ACB people in Ontario.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"48 10","pages":"429-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730175/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has disproportionately affected African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) communities in Canada. We investigated the prevalence and factors associated with HIV infection among ACB people in Ontario.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of first- and second-generation ACB people aged 15-64 years in Toronto and Ottawa (Ontario, Canada). We collected sociodemographic information, self-reported HIV status and offered dried blood spot (DBS) testing to determine the prevalence of HIV infection. Factors associated with HIV infection were investigated using regression models.
Results: A total of 1,380 people were interviewed and 834 (60.4%) tested for HIV. The HIV prevalence was 7.5% overall (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.1-8.0) and 6.6% (95% CI 6.1-7.1) in the adult population (15-49 years). Higher age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.8; 95% CI 2.77-2.82), birth outside of Canada (aOR 4.7; 95% CI 1.50-14.71), French language (aOR 9.83; 95% CI 5.19-18.61), unemployment (aOR 1.85; 95% CI 1.62-2.11), part-time employment (aOR 4.64; 95% CI 4.32-4.99), substance use during sex (aOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.47-1.88) and homosexual (aOR 19.68; 95% CI 7.64-50.71) and bisexual orientation (aOR 2.82; 95% CI 1.19-6.65) were associated with a positive HIV test. Those with a high school (aOR 0.01; 95% CI 0.01-0.02), college (aOR 0.00; 95% CI 0.00-0.01) or university education (aOR 0.00; 95% CI 0.00-0.01), more adequate housing (aOR 0.85; 95% CI 0.82-0.88), a higher social capital score (aOR 0.61; 95% CI 0.49-0.74) and a history of sexually transmitted infections (aOR 0.40; 95% CI 0.18-0.91) were less likely to have a positive HIV test.
Conclusion: Human immunodeficiency virus infection is linked to sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and behavioural factors among ACB people in Ontario.
背景：人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的流行对加拿大的非洲裔、加勒比裔和黑人（ACB）社区造成了极大的影响。我们调查了安大略省非洲、加勒比和黑人群体中艾滋病毒感染的流行情况和相关因素：方法：对多伦多和渥太华（加拿大安大略省）15-64 岁的第一代和第二代非洲、加勒比和黑人进行横断面调查。我们收集了社会人口学信息、自我报告的 HIV 感染状况，并提供了干血斑 (DBS) 检测以确定 HIV 感染率。我们使用回归模型研究了与艾滋病感染相关的因素：共有 1,380 人接受了访谈，其中 834 人（60.4%）接受了艾滋病毒检测。总的 HIV 感染率为 7.5%（95% 置信区间 [CI] 7.1-8.0），成年人（15-49 岁）的感染率为 6.6%（95% 置信区间 [CI] 6.1-7.1）。较高的年龄（调整后的几率比 [aOR] 2.8；95% CI 2.77-2.82）、在加拿大以外出生（aOR 4.7；95% CI 1.50-14.71）、法语（aOR 9.83；95% CI 5.19-18.61）、失业（aOR 1.85；95% CI 1.62-2.11）、兼职（aOR 4.64；95% CI 4.32-4.99）、性生活中使用药物（aOR 1.66；95% CI 1.47-1.88）以及同性恋（aOR 19.68；95% CI 7.64-50.71）和双性恋倾向（aOR 2.82；95% CI 1.19-6.65）与 HIV 检测呈阳性相关。具有高中（aOR 0.01；95% CI 0.01-0.02）、大学（aOR 0.00；95% CI 0.00-0.01）或大学教育程度（aOR 0.00；95% CI 0.00-0.01）、更充足的住房（aOR 0.85；95% CI 0.82-0.88）、更高的社会资本分数（aOR 0.01；95% CI 0.01-0.01）、更高的社会资本分数（aOR 0.01；95% CI 0.01-0.01）和更高的社会资本分数（aOR 0.01；95% CI 0.01-0.01）的人与 HIV 检测呈阳性相关。88）、较高的社会资本得分（aOR 0.61；95% CI 0.49-0.74）和性传播感染史（aOR 0.40；95% CI 0.18-0.91）的人，HIV 检测呈阳性的可能性较低：人类免疫缺陷病毒感染与安大略省 ACB 患者的社会人口、社会经济和行为因素有关。
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