Recycling of paper, cardboard and its PFAS in Norway

IF 6.6 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of hazardous materials letters Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI:10.1016/j.hazl.2023.100096
Håkon A. Langberg , Hans Peter H. Arp , Gabriela Castro , Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos , Heidi Knutsen
{"title":"Recycling of paper, cardboard and its PFAS in Norway","authors":"Håkon A. Langberg ,&nbsp;Hans Peter H. Arp ,&nbsp;Gabriela Castro ,&nbsp;Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos ,&nbsp;Heidi Knutsen","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2023.100096","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in paper products since the 1960s. PFAS emissions during the life cycle of these products have been substantial sources of these substances to the environment. Here, a total of 37 PFAS were analysed in 13 paper products sampled in 2021, for which some were made of virgin paper and others recycled paper, including food contact materials (FCM), packaging, and a notebook. In addition, different fractions of the recycling process of corrugated paper and board were sampled at a Norwegian cardboard recycling plant and analysed for the same PFAS, to get an overview of PFAS in the recycling stream of these materials in Norway. PFAS were found in recycled paper and board, indicating PFAS can be a non-intentionally added substance (NIAS) in recycled paper products. Sum of targeted PFAS detected in paper products (including products made of virgin and recycled materials) ranged between 0.4 and 971 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, dominated by SAmPAP diester and 6:2 FTS (0–62% and 0–98%, respectively). The sum of targeted PFAS in returned corrugated paper and board in Norway is at least 32 kg per year (6 mg per capita per year). Recycling is important to ensure sustainability. As part of the broad PFAS restriction in Europe, PFAS are to be restricted in paper and board materials. Thus, lower levels of PFAS entering the recycling stream are expected in the future. Monitoring is necessary to assess reductions of PFAS in the paper waste stream due to PFAS regulations in Europe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911023000229/pdfft?md5=d86c1c260f87f7247fc717283dec3fda&pid=1-s2.0-S2666911023000229-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911023000229","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in paper products since the 1960s. PFAS emissions during the life cycle of these products have been substantial sources of these substances to the environment. Here, a total of 37 PFAS were analysed in 13 paper products sampled in 2021, for which some were made of virgin paper and others recycled paper, including food contact materials (FCM), packaging, and a notebook. In addition, different fractions of the recycling process of corrugated paper and board were sampled at a Norwegian cardboard recycling plant and analysed for the same PFAS, to get an overview of PFAS in the recycling stream of these materials in Norway. PFAS were found in recycled paper and board, indicating PFAS can be a non-intentionally added substance (NIAS) in recycled paper products. Sum of targeted PFAS detected in paper products (including products made of virgin and recycled materials) ranged between 0.4 and 971 µg kg−1, dominated by SAmPAP diester and 6:2 FTS (0–62% and 0–98%, respectively). The sum of targeted PFAS in returned corrugated paper and board in Norway is at least 32 kg per year (6 mg per capita per year). Recycling is important to ensure sustainability. As part of the broad PFAS restriction in Europe, PFAS are to be restricted in paper and board materials. Thus, lower levels of PFAS entering the recycling stream are expected in the future. Monitoring is necessary to assess reductions of PFAS in the paper waste stream due to PFAS regulations in Europe.

Abstract Image

查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
挪威纸张、纸板及其全氟辛烷磺酸的回收利用
自 20 世纪 60 年代起,全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 就被用于纸制品中。这些产品在生命周期中排放的 PFAS 是环境中这些物质的主要来源。在此,我们对 2021 年采样的 13 种纸制品中的 37 种 PFAS 进行了分析,其中一些是原生纸,另一些是回收纸,包括食品接触材料 (FCM)、包装和笔记本。此外,还在挪威一家纸板回收厂对瓦楞纸和纸板回收过程中的不同部分进行了采样,并分析了相同的 PFAS,以了解挪威这些材料回收流中 PFAS 的总体情况。在回收的纸张和纸板中发现了 PFAS,这表明 PFAS 可能是回收纸制品中的一种非有意添加物质 (NIAS)。在纸制品(包括由原生材料和回收材料制成的产品)中检测到的目标 PFAS 总量介于 0.4 至 971 µg kg-1 之间,主要是 SAmPAP 二酯和 6:2 FTS(分别为 0-62% 和 0-98%)。挪威每年退回的瓦楞纸和纸板中的目标 PFAS 总量至少为 32 千克(每年人均 6 毫克)。回收利用对于确保可持续性非常重要。作为欧洲广泛限制 PFAS 的一部分,纸张和纸板材料中的 PFAS 将受到限制。因此,预计未来进入回收流的 PFAS 含量将会降低。有必要进行监测,以评估由于欧洲的 PFAS 法规,废纸流中 PFAS 的减少情况。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
Journal of hazardous materials letters
Journal of hazardous materials letters Pollution, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental Engineering
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
20 days
期刊最新文献
Cyanide and chloroform detection through J-aggregates based aggregation induced emission probe with real sample applications Dissolved elemental mercury accumulation by freshwater phytoplankton species: A pilot study Kinetic modeling and optimization of triclosan adsorption onto coconut shell activated carbon The role of environmentally relevant concentrations of oxytetracycline in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda First evidence of microplastic-associated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in the Red River Delta, Vietnam
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1