The Genotoxicity of Organic Extracts from Particulate Emissions Produced by Neat Gasoline (E0) and a Gasoline–Ethanol Blend (E15) in BEAS-2B Cells

IF 6.8 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Journal of Xenobiotics Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI:10.3390/jox14010001

H. Líbalová, T. Zavodna, F. Elzeinová, H. Barosova, T. Cervena, A. Milcová, Jolana Vankova, Foteini Paradeisi, M. Vojtíšek-Lom, J. Sikorová, J. Topinka, P. Rossner

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Abstract

Emissions from modern gasoline engines represent an environmental and health risk. In this study, we aimed to compare the toxicity of organic compound mixtures extracted from particulate matter (PM extracts) produced by neat gasoline (E0) and a blend containing 15% ethanol (E15), which is offered as an alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels. Human lung BEAS-2B cells were exposed to PM extracts, and biomarkers of genotoxicity, such as DNA damage evaluated by comet assay, micronuclei formation, levels of phosphorylated histone H2AX, the expression of genes relevant to the DNA damage response, and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were determined. Results showed that both PM extracts significantly increased the level of oxidized DNA lesions. The E0 extract exhibited a more pronounced effect, possibly due to the higher content of nitrated PAHs. Other endpoints were not substantially affected by any of the PM extracts. Gene expression analysis revealed mild but coordinated induction of genes related to DNA damage response, and a strong induction of PAH-inducible genes, indicating activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Our data suggest that the addition of ethanol into the gasoline diminished the oxidative DNA damage, but no effect on other genotoxicity biomarkers was observed. Activated AhR may play an important role in the toxicity of gasoline PM emissions.

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纯汽油（E0）和汽油-乙醇混合物（E15）产生的微粒排放物中的有机提取物在 BEAS-2B 细胞中的遗传毒性

现代汽油发动机的排放物对环境和健康都构成了威胁。在这项研究中，我们旨在比较从纯汽油（E0）和含 15%乙醇的混合汽油（E15）产生的微粒物质（PM 提取物）中提取的有机化合物混合物的毒性。将人肺 BEAS-2B 细胞暴露于可吸入颗粒物萃取物，并测定了遗传毒性的生物标志物，如通过彗星试验评估的 DNA 损伤、微核形成、磷酸化组蛋白 H2AX 水平、DNA 损伤反应相关基因的表达以及暴露于多环芳烃（PAHs）的情况。结果表明，两种 PM 提取物都能显著提高氧化 DNA 损伤的水平。E0 提取物的影响更为明显，这可能是由于硝化多环芳烃的含量较高。其他终点没有受到任何一种 PM 提取物的实质性影响。基因表达分析表明，与 DNA 损伤反应相关的基因受到轻微但协调的诱导，而 PAH 诱导基因受到强烈诱导，表明芳基烃受体（AhR）被激活。我们的数据表明，在汽油中添加乙醇可减轻 DNA 的氧化损伤，但对其他遗传毒性生物标志物没有影响。活化的 AhR 可能在汽油可吸入颗粒物排放的毒性中扮演重要角色。

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来源期刊

Journal of Xenobiotics TOXICOLOGY-

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

1.70%

发文量

审稿时长

10 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Xenobiotics publishes original studies concerning the beneficial (pharmacology) and detrimental effects (toxicology) of xenobiotics in all organisms. A xenobiotic (“stranger to life”) is defined as a chemical that is not usually found at significant concentrations or expected to reside for long periods in organisms. In addition to man-made chemicals, natural products could also be of interest if they have potent biological properties, special medicinal properties or that a given organism is at risk of exposure in the environment. Topics dealing with abiotic- and biotic-based transformations in various media (xenobiochemistry) and environmental toxicology are also of interest. Areas of interests include the identification of key physical and chemical properties of molecules that predict biological effects and persistence in the environment; the molecular mode of action of xenobiotics; biochemical and physiological interactions leading to change in organism health; pathophysiological interactions of natural and synthetic chemicals; development of biochemical indicators including new “-omics” approaches to identify biomarkers of exposure or effects for xenobiotics.