Service Use Differences Among Those Experiencing Homelessness: A Posthumous Analysis

Abstract

Services play a crucial role in responding to homelessness, facilitating stable housing, and improving health outcomes. Yet people in need do not always access services and little is known about such individuals and groups. Using mortality data from the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator (OMI) that was cross-referenced with services records from Homelessness Management Information Systems (HMIS), this study identified and compared people affected by homelessness ( N = 1196) who died between 2014 and 2019 based on whether they had engaged with homelessness services ( n = 841) or who were unhoused without a record services engagement ( n = 355). Groups were compared by age, race, gender, region of the state, and leading causes of death. Approximately 30 percent of individuals found to be homeless were not engaged in homelessness services. There were statistically greater numbers of Native Americans among those who were unhoused without a record of homelessness services. There were also inequities across regions of the state. This supports the need for increased outreach in rural areas and removing barriers to service engagement. The leading causes of death were drug overdose, alcohol, and heart disease, thus reinforcing the need for harm reduction education and practices both within and outside of services.