Implementation and Evaluation of Standardized Drug Expiration Processes Across Non-automated Areas

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to enhance medication management efficiency by introducing a systematic approach to redistributing medications to high-utilization zones, thereby mitigating the volume and expenses associated with non-returnable expired medications. Methods: This quality improvement initiative encompassed 2 key phases. Initially, a standardized workflow for managing expiring medications was implemented across 2 satellite pharmacy areas. Subsequently, the impact of these interventions was assessed by comparing pre-implementation and post-implementation data on the quantity and monetary value of expired medications. Baseline data were derived from expired medication records spanning January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022. The new workflow was established in December 2022, and post-implementation data were collected from January 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023. The process rollout involved devising workflow protocols, creating supportive documentation, and delivering training to pharmacy personnel. Data collection encompassed medication identifiers, stock locations, date medications were received, expiration dates, along with wholesale acquisition cost for each item. Descriptive statistical methods were employed for analysis. Results: Comparative analysis of pre-implementation and post-implementation data revealed substantial reductions in the annual estimated quantity of expired medications (284 fewer items, representing a 13.6% decrease) and corresponding wholesale acquisition costs ($5075 USD reduction, translating to a 19.7% decrease) within the satellite areas during the study period. Moreover, a comparison of post-implementation quarter one data with the corresponding data from the previous year highlighted even more significant reductions in the quantity of expired medications (203 fewer items, reflecting a 31.1% decrease) and associated wholesale acquisition costs ($2548 USD reduction, signifying a 33.0% decrease) within the satellite areas. Conclusions: This study underscores the potential advantages of employing a standardized process to proactively reallocate medications prior to their expiration, thereby enabling their utilization in other hospital sections. Future endeavors could concentrate on the wider implementation of similar workflows throughout different hospital locations and the broader enterprise.