The role of oxygenation in kidney and liver machine perfusion

Abstract

Background. Organ transplantation is the optimal decision for patients in the end stage of many diseases. Certain conditions are required for the transportation and preservation of a donor organ after explantation, including factors such as temperature, pressure, and preservative solution. All currently available methods of preservation of donor organs are aimed at maximizing the complete preservation of the functional state of the graft from the moment of its removal to implantation and reperfusion in the recipient's body.Aim. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the results of the studies performed in order to decide on the preferred method of organ preservation.Material and methods. An analysis of literature sources in English and Russian from 2009 to 2023 on this topic was performed in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar. The review highlights the results of preclinical (on animal models) and clinical studies, as well as achievements in the field of ex-vivo machine perfusion with an emphasis on machine hypothermic perfusion and modified oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion, subnormothermic machine perfusion and machine normothermic perfusion.Results. The daily increase in the number of patients in need of organ transplantation delays the timely selection and search for a donor. Organ donation after cardiac death is a promising step in an attempt to overcome the disbalance between the number of patients and organs, but the risk of developing early graft damage increases. The criteria for selecting donors and donor organs are being expanded, as a result, elderly donors and not-optimal grafts are included, but they are less resistant to ischemic damage. In this connection, there is a need for long-term infusion support through machine perfusion.Conclusion. In recent years, research has focused on alternative preservation methods, studying hypothermic, subnormothermic and normothermic machine perfusion. The use of machine perfusion has become the most widespread among kidney transplants and has shown good results. Further development is expected in the field of studying and improving this method of organ preservation, which allows not only transporting, but also improving the functional state of the graft.