Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment

IF 3.9 2区 地球科学 Q1 ECOLOGY Biogeosciences Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI:10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023
B. Ntirugulirwa, E. Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, D. Nsabimana, J. Uddling, Göran Wallin
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Abstract

Abstract. The response of tropical trees and tree communities to climate change is crucial for the carbon storage and biodiversity of the terrestrial biosphere. Trees in tropical montane rain forests (TMFs) are considered particularly vulnerable to climate change, but this hypothesis remains poorly evaluated due to data scarcity. To reduce the knowledge gap in the response of TMF trees to warming, we established a field experiment along a 1300–2400 m elevation gradient as a proxy for warming in Rwanda. Seedling-size trees of 20 species native to montane forests in eastern and central Africa were planted in multi-species plots at three sites along the gradient. They have overlapping distributions but primarily occur in either transitional rain forests (∼ 1600–2000 ma.s.l.) or mid-elevation TMFs (∼ 2000–3000 ma.s.l.), with both early- (ES) and late-successional (LS) species represented in each elevation origin group. Tree growth (diameter and height) and survival were monitored regularly over 2 years. We found that ES species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the LS species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species. ES species with transitional rain forest origin strongly increased proportional to stand basal area at warmer sites, while TMF species declined, suggesting that lower-elevation ES species will have an advantage over higher-elevation species in a warming climate. The risk of higher-elevation and LS species of becoming outcompeted by lower-elevation and ES species due to a thermophilisation response in a warmer climate has important implications for biodiversity and carbon storage of Afromontane forests.
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在海拔梯度实验中展示非洲蒙地森林的嗜热现象
摘要热带树木和树木群落对气候变化的反应对陆地生物圈的碳储存和生物多样性至关重要。热带山地雨林(TMFs)中的树木被认为特别容易受到气候变化的影响,但由于数据匮乏,对这一假设的评估仍然不足。为了缩小热带山地雨林树木对气候变暖反应的知识差距,我们在卢旺达沿 1300-2400 米的海拔梯度建立了一个野外实验,作为气候变暖的替代。我们在沿梯度的三个地点的多树种小区内种植了原产于非洲东部和中部山地森林的 20 个树种的幼苗大小的树木。这些树种的分布有重叠,但主要分布在过渡雨林(1600-2000ma.s.l.)或中海拔 TMF(2000-3000ma.s.l.),每个海拔起源组都有早演性(ES)和晚演性(LS)树种。我们对树木的生长(直径和高度)和存活率进行了为期两年的定期监测。我们发现,早期演替(ES)树种,尤其是海拔较低的树种,在温度较高的地方生长较快,而晚期演替(LS)树种,尤其是海拔较高的树种,则没有反应或生长较慢。此外,气候变暖增加了LS物种的树木死亡率,但ES物种的死亡率并不高。在气候变暖的地区,起源于过渡雨林的 ES 树种与林分基部面积的比例大幅增加,而 TMF 树种则有所减少,这表明在气候变暖的情况下,低海拔 ES 树种将比高海拔树种更具优势。在气候变暖的情况下,由于嗜热反应,海拔较高的物种和LS物种有可能被海拔较低的物种和ES物种淘汰,这对非洲蒙地森林的生物多样性和碳储存具有重要影响。
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来源期刊
Biogeosciences
Biogeosciences 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
8.20%
发文量
258
审稿时长
4.2 months
期刊介绍: Biogeosciences (BG) is an international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of research articles, short communications and review papers on all aspects of the interactions between the biological, chemical and physical processes in terrestrial or extraterrestrial life with the geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. The objective of the journal is to cut across the boundaries of established sciences and achieve an interdisciplinary view of these interactions. Experimental, conceptual and modelling approaches are welcome.
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