Vulva Candidiasis among HIV Patients and Healthy Female Volunteers in Port Harcourt

R. Nwalozie, B. A. Nnokam, E. Onosakponome, Roseanne Adah Ikpeama, C. U. Nyenke
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Abstract

Vulvo-rectal the most prevalent species of candida, Candida albicans, is the cause of candidiasis, a fungal infection of the vagina that affects the genital system as an adaptive and opportunistic pathogen. This study was aimed at examining the prevalence and risk factors of vulvo-vaginal candidiasis among HIV positive women and healthy volunteers in Port Harcourt. A total of 200 urine and HVS samples, 100 from each of the two groups, were collected. The samples were examined using culture, microscopy, and the germ tube identification method. The overall prevalence of Vulvo-vaginitis in HIV and healthy volunteers using urine and HVS was (32%), (34%), and (76%) and (54%) respectively. HIV recorded a higher of (76%) compared to that of healthy volunteers with (54%). There was no statistically significant difference in the two groups’ prevalence (p>0.05). The age group of 15–25 years old had the highest prevalence of (33%), while the age group of 40–45 had the highest prevalence of 80% for HIV.  HIV-positive workers and retirees had higher rates of vulvo-vaginitis in urine samples (21% and 75%, respectively) than did healthy workers and retirees (15% and 25%, respectively). Individuals with tertiary education had the highest prevalence of (32%) and (14%) in HIV and healthy volunteers respectively. It was also reported that married individuals who are HIV positive had a higher incidence of (50%) while for healthy volunteers, single individuals recorded a higher frequency of (29%). Prevalence of vulvo-vaginal candidiasis was greater in HIV patients in Port Harcourt. To help combat fungal infections, it is proposed that antifungal medications be added to antiretroviral medications prescribed to HIV patients.
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哈科特港艾滋病毒感染者和健康女性志愿者的外阴念珠菌病
阴道直肠念珠菌是念珠菌病的病原体,是阴道的真菌感染,影响生殖系统的适应性和机会性病原体。本研究旨在检测哈科特港 HIV 阳性女性和健康志愿者外阴阴道念珠菌病的患病率和风险因素。研究共收集了 200 份尿液和外阴阴道念珠菌病样本,两组各 100 份。使用培养、显微镜和试管鉴定法对样本进行了检测。HIV 感染者和健康志愿者的尿液和 HVS 的总患病率分别为(32%)、(34%)、(76%)和(54%)。与健康志愿者的(54%)相比,艾滋病毒感染者的(76%)更高。两组的感染率在统计学上没有明显差异(P>0.05)。15-25 岁年龄组的艾滋病毒感染率最高(33%),而 40-45 岁年龄组的感染率最高(80%)。 与健康工人和退休人员(分别为 15%和 25%)相比,HIV 阳性工人和退休人员尿样中的外阴阴道炎发生率更高(分别为 21%和 75%)。受过高等教育的人在艾滋病毒感染者和健康志愿者中的感染率最高,分别为(32%)和(14%)。另据报道,艾滋病毒呈阳性的已婚者发病率较高,为 50%,而健康志愿者中的单身者发病率较高,为 29%。在哈科特港,艾滋病毒感染者的外阴阴道念珠菌病发病率更高。为帮助防治真菌感染,建议在为艾滋病患者开具的抗逆转录病毒药物中添加抗真菌药物。
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