MECHANISTIC INSIGHT OF INNOVATIVE BIOMARKERS FOR SCREENING OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic disorder characterised by increased blood glucose levels caused by cellular resistance to insulin action, insufficient insulin production by pancreatic -cells, or both. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the most prevalent form of diabetes mellitus, accounts for almost 90% of all cases globally. T2DM is more common in middle-aged and older people, and its causes are multifaceted. The use of successful and cost-effective solutions for diabetes mellitus screening is critical to ensuring early identification and minimising patients' risk of acquiring life-threatening illness complications. Identifying novel biomarkers and test methods for diabetes mellitus is therefore critical in order establish robust, non-invasive, painless, highly sensitive, and precise screening procedures. This review focuses on the recent finding of new clinically validated and innovative biomarkers, as well as methods for determining them, which provide cost-effective options for T2DM screening and early detection.