First official report of bed bug (Hemiptera, Cimicidae) infestations in Algeria

IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Parasite Epidemiology and Control Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00335

Thinhinane Djouaher , Mohammad Akhoundi , Omar Hamarsheh , Denis Sereno , Dahlia Chebbah , Karima Brahmi , Soumeya Chahed , Sophie Brun , Julie Jan , Arezki Izri

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Abstract

Background

Bed bugs are hematophagous insects with a long history of presence in human communities. Over the last three decades, infestations by bed bugs in human dwellings have drastically increased, leading to a rise in bed bug concerns. Nevertheless, very little is known about the bed bug species and their population diversity in Algeria.

Method

A pilot entomological inventory was performed in May 2019 in Tizi Ouzou, in northern Algeria. The gathered bed bug specimens were identified by morphological and molecular approaches, followed by neighbor-joining and network phylogenetic analyses.

Results

A total of seven out of 12 requested locations were allowed to inspect for bed bug infestation. Of these, three locations were found with active bed bug infestations. A total of 145 specimens belonging to different life stages [egg (21), nymph (74), adult male (17), and female (33)] were collected and analyzed using morphological and molecular approaches. The adult specimens were identified as Cimex lectularius according to specific morphological criteria, most importantly the pronotum laterally expanded with more flattened extreme margins. Morphological identification of the adults was confirmed further by conventional PCR targeting 450 bp fragment of the COI gene. All the nymphs and eggs were also molecularly identified as C. lectularius. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree reconstructed with the collected specimens provides clues on the presence of two closely phylogenetic groups. The first one gathers our samples of Algeria with previously reported COI haplotype sequences from Asian, European, and North American countries. The second group encompasses a lesser-documented haplotype reported in Europe and Central America. These findings were further confirmed by network analysis.

Conclusions

These results provide evidence of established C. lectularius infestation in Algeria and its potential dispersal capacity by travelers or immigrants and will help future management of these ectoparasites.

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阿尔及利亚首次正式报告臭虫（半翅目，Cimicidae）虫害情况

背景臭虫是一种食血昆虫，在人类社区中存在的历史悠久。在过去的三十年里，臭虫在人类住宅中的侵扰急剧增加，导致人们对臭虫的关注度上升。然而，人们对阿尔及利亚的臭虫种类及其种群多样性知之甚少。通过形态学和分子方法对收集到的臭虫标本进行了鉴定，随后进行了邻接和网络系统发生学分析。其中有三个地点发现了活跃的臭虫。共收集了 145 个属于不同生命阶段的标本[卵（21 个）、若虫（74 个）、雄性成虫（17 个）和雌性成虫（33 个）]，并采用形态学和分子学方法进行了分析。成体标本根据特定的形态学标准被鉴定为 Cimex lectularius，其中最重要的是前胸侧面膨大，极缘更加扁平。通过针对 COI 基因 450 bp 片段的常规 PCR，进一步确认了成虫的形态学鉴定。所有的若虫和卵也被分子鉴定为 C. lectularius。用采集的标本重建的邻接系统发生树提供了两个密切系统发生群存在的线索。第一个群体将阿尔及利亚的样本与之前报道的来自亚洲、欧洲和北美国家的 COI 单倍型序列集合在一起。第二组包括欧洲和中美洲报道较少的单倍型。这些结果提供了阿尔及利亚已确定的C. lectularius虫害及其潜在的旅行者或移民传播能力的证据，将有助于未来对这些体外寄生虫的管理。

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来源期刊

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.