The Orthodox Population of Siberia in the 18th Century in the Works of Participants in Academic and Government Expeditions

IF 0.4 4区综合性期刊 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI:10.1134/s1019331623070122

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Abstract

This article, based on a comprehensive analysis of scientific works and materials of participants in the D.G. Messerschmidt (1719–1727), Second Kamchatka (1733–1743), Academician J.-N. Delisle (1740), physical (1768–1774), and Northeastern geographical and astronomical (1785–1795) expeditions, dedicated to the Orthodox population of Siberia, presents the geographical and ethnographic dynamics of Orthodox Christianity in the region. The author’s use of the cognitive tools of the “imperial paradigm” made it possible to consider the process of Christianization of the indigenous peoples of Siberia and its coverage in the works of expedition participants as a component of the cultural policy of the Russian Empire that correlates with enlightenment. As shown in the study, academic and government expeditions to Siberia were one of the effective means of implementing and adjusting this policy. The assistance and direct participation of travelers in the baptism into Orthodoxy and the education of Siberian ethnic groups, the peculiarities of the indigenous population’s perception of the new religion, and the attitude towards the values of civilization are studied from the standpoint of “anthropological” and “pragmatic” methodological turns. It has been established that the expedition participants, representing various directions of Christianity, showed exemplary religious tolerance in the spread of Orthodoxy and education among the local population of Siberia. Travelers recorded the penetration of Orthodox Christianity in the 18th century to most regions of Siberia and the multiethnic composition of its flock. It is concluded that the noted cases of nonacceptance of the new faith and the religious syncretism of the aborigines, caused by the peculiarities of the cultures and ecologies of the ethnic groups, and the spread of Islam and Buddhism in Siberia required the continuation and adjustment of the confessional and cultural policy of Russia in the region.

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学术和政府考察参与者作品中的 18 世纪西伯利亚东正教人口

摘要本文在全面分析 D.G. Messerschmidt（1719-1727 年）、第二次堪察加探险（1733-1743 年）、J.-N. Delisle 院士（1740 年）、物理探险（1768-1774 年）以及东北地理和天文探险（1785-1795 年）参与者的科学著作和资料的基础上，介绍了为西伯利亚东正教居民进行的探险。该书介绍了该地区东正教的地理和人种动态。作者利用 "帝国范式 "的认知工具，将西伯利亚原住民的基督教化进程及其在探险参与者作品中的体现视为俄罗斯帝国文化政策的一个组成部分，与启蒙运动相关联。如本研究所示，对西伯利亚的学术和政府考察是实施和调整这一政策的有效手段之一。本研究从 "人类学 "和 "实用主义 "方法论的角度出发，研究了旅行者协助和直接参与西伯利亚少数民族接受东正教洗礼和教育的情况、土著居民对新宗教的特殊认识以及对文明价值观的态度。考察结果表明，代表不同基督教派别的考察团成员在西伯利亚当地居民中传播东正教和教育时表现出了堪称典范的宗教宽容。旅行者们记录了东正教在 18 世纪渗透到西伯利亚大部分地区的情况，以及东正教信徒的多民族构成。结论是，由于各民族文化和生态的特殊性，以及伊斯兰教和佛教在西伯利亚的传播，原住民不接受新信仰和宗教杂交的情况屡见不鲜，这就要求俄罗斯继续并调整在该地区的宗教和文化政策。

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来源期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学

CiteScore

0.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

141

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences provides a broad coverage of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ activities. It publishes original works, surveys, speeches, and discussions with participation of the members of Russian Academy of Sciences, leading scientists in Russia and worldwide and presents various viewpoints on important subjects related to all fields of science. The journal addresses the questions of scientist’s role in society and the role of scientific knowledge in the modern world.