B.N. Chicherin: The Crimean War as a Reflection of the Crisis of the Russian Empire

IF 0.4 4区综合性期刊 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI:10.1134/s1019331623090071

A. I. Narezhnyi

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Abstract

Based on the works of a prominent representative of the liberal pro-Western trend in Russian social thought B.N. Chicherin, his views on the causes and unsuccessful for Russia outcome of the Crimean War are examined. The components of the author’s concept are revealed, which were formulated by him in identifying the main trends of European politics in the first half of the 19th century and assessing the political consequences of the formation of the Holy Alliance and the activities of its participants, aimed at preserving the monarchical principle in European countries by any means. Particular attention is paid to Chicherin’s analysis of the reasons for the conservative turn in the foreign and domestic policies of the government of Nicholas I and the author’s substantiation of the thesis that the European choice of Peter I did not guarantee progressive advance in the development of Russia but only opened opportunities, the implementation of which depended on the policy of the imperial authorities. In this context, such features of the system of autocratic governance of the country are considered as the predominance of the personal principle and the lack of opportunities and mechanisms for representatives of society to influence the decisions, which were defined by Chicherin as major factors that contributed to the establishment of a protective course in foreign and domestic policy. The author considers the “European loneliness” of Russia and stagnation in socioeconomic development to be a consequence of this policy, which determined the country’s defeat in the Crimean War, which, however, is considered by Chicherin not only as evidence of the crisis of the existing system but also as an incentive for renewal based on a program in the development of which he actively participated.

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B.N. Chicherin：反映俄罗斯帝国危机的克里米亚战争

摘要根据俄罗斯社会思想界亲西方自由主义思潮的杰出代表 B.N. Chicherin 的著作，研究了他对克里米亚战争的原因和对俄罗斯的失败结果的看法。作者在确定 19 世纪上半叶欧洲政治的主要趋势、评估神圣同盟的形成及其参与者不择手段维护欧洲各国君主制原则的活动的政治后果时，提出了自己的观点。尤其值得注意的是契切林（Chicherin）对尼古拉一世政府的外交和国内政策转向保守的原因的分析，以及作者对彼得一世的欧洲选择并不能保证俄罗斯发展的进步，而只是提供了机会的论点的论证，这些机会的实现取决于帝国当局的政策。在这种情况下，作者认为专制统治国家制度的特点是个人原则占主导地位，社会代表缺乏影响决策的机会和机制。作者认为，俄罗斯在欧洲的 "孤独 "和社会经济发展的停滞是这一政策的后果，它决定了俄罗斯在克里米亚战争中的失败，然而，契切林认为这不仅证明了现有制度的危机，而且也是在他积极参与制定的计划基础上进行革新的动力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学

CiteScore

0.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

141

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences provides a broad coverage of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ activities. It publishes original works, surveys, speeches, and discussions with participation of the members of Russian Academy of Sciences, leading scientists in Russia and worldwide and presents various viewpoints on important subjects related to all fields of science. The journal addresses the questions of scientist’s role in society and the role of scientific knowledge in the modern world.