The Tobol’sk Bishop’s House as an Actor of the Colonization of Siberia in the 17th Century

IF 0.4 4区综合性期刊 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI:10.1134/s1019331623070080

I. L. Man’kova

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Abstract

During the development of Siberia, the Russians created an authentic “living space” on the colonized lands, based on their religious traditions and practices. This article shows the role of the Tobol’sk Bishop’s House in shaping the sociocultural environment in the developed territory in accordance with the norms of the Christian way of life. The bishop’s house is understood as a regional institution of the Russian Orthodox Church, which organized and controlled the spiritual sphere of the life of the local society. Fulfilling its mission, the Tobol’sk cathedra, established in 1620, used the centuries-old experience of the Russian Orthodox Church and at the same time responded to specific challenges associated with the huge scale of the controlled territory and considerable remoteness from the center, the lack of priests and their ambiguous moral character, specifics of the gender composition of the first Russian settlers, and disagreements with local governors on the issue of delimitation of powers. The main concerns of the Siberian bishops of the 17th century were the maintenance of the moral state of society, the ordering of the church sphere, and the intercalation for the convicted and disgraced among the population of Siberia, including yasak-payers. During the 17th century a system of diocesan administration was established. The regional features of this system were expressed in the variety of principles for the allocation of tithe uezds and the pace of replacement of secular tithers with spiritual customers (representatives of the clergy). The ecclesiastical court organized by the Tobol’sk Bishop’s House was an important tool to contain commotion both among the clergy and in the lay community. The Orthodox landscape that had developed on the territory under its jurisdiction made it possible to satisfy the spiritual needs of the local society. By the end of the 17th century, the diocese had at least 225 churches, including monastic ones. Most of them were in Western Siberia, the most developed part of the diocese and close to its center. The problem of providing parishes with priests was solved, and widely revered regional shrines appeared. The Christianization of the indigenous population was carried out mainly by monasteries. Using various forms of influence on the flock, the Tobol’sk Bishop’s House had a great influence on the religious and moral state of the local society and became one of the leading actors in the colonization process.

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作为 17 世纪西伯利亚殖民化演员的托博尔斯克主教府

摘要在开发西伯利亚的过程中，俄罗斯人根据自己的宗教传统和习俗，在殖民地上创造了真正的 "生活空间"。本文介绍了托博勒主教府在按照基督教生活方式的规范塑造开发地区的社会文化环境方面所起的作用。主教府被理解为俄罗斯东正教会的地区机构，负责组织和控制当地社会生活的精神领域。1620 年成立的托博尔斯克主教座堂在履行其使命时，利用了俄罗斯东正教会几个世纪以来的经验，同时也应对了与以下方面有关的具体挑战：控制区的巨大规模和远离中心、牧师的缺乏及其模糊的道德特征、第一批俄罗斯定居者性别构成的特殊性以及与地方长官在权力划分问题上的分歧。17 世纪西伯利亚主教们的主要关注点是维护社会道德状况、教会领域的秩序，以及对西伯利亚居民中的罪犯和蒙羞者（包括 "雅萨克 "纳税人）进行囚禁。17 世纪建立了教区管理制度。这种制度的地区特点表现在什一税分配原则的多样性以及用精神客户（神职人员代表）取代世俗什一税缴纳者的速度上。托博尔斯克主教府组织的教会法庭是遏制神职人员和非神职人员社区骚乱的重要工具。在其管辖的领土上形成的东正教景观使满足当地社会的精神需求成为可能。到 17 世纪末，教区至少拥有 225 座教堂，其中包括修道院教堂。其中大部分位于西西伯利亚，这是教区最发达的地区，也靠近教区中心。为教区提供牧师的问题得到了解决，并出现了广受尊敬的地区圣地。原住民的基督教化主要是通过修道院进行的。托博尔主教府利用各种形式对信徒施加影响，对当地社会的宗教和道德状况产生了巨大影响，并成为殖民化进程中的主要参与者之一。

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来源期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学

CiteScore

0.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

141

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences provides a broad coverage of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ activities. It publishes original works, surveys, speeches, and discussions with participation of the members of Russian Academy of Sciences, leading scientists in Russia and worldwide and presents various viewpoints on important subjects related to all fields of science. The journal addresses the questions of scientist’s role in society and the role of scientific knowledge in the modern world.