Heterogeneous self-arrested ruptures leading to spatial variability of radiated energy and Doppler effect of the observed corner frequency

IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Journal of Seismology Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI:10.1007/s10950-023-10183-3
Patricio Venegas-Aravena
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Abstract

The study of the strong ground motion is of utmost relevance because the amplitude of seismic waves and their frequency content could severely damage structures. As both the amplitude and the frequency content directly depend on the seismic source, a proper description and simulations of the earthquakes’ rupture process are required. This means that realistic source models should incorporate a heterogeneous distribution of rupture parameters that generates self-arrested ruptures. One of these models is a heterogeneous energy-based (HE-B) method, which can describe the kinematic rupture process based on the distribution of residual energy (\({E}^{res}\)). This parameter defines zones in faults where the accumulated energy is larger than the dissipated energy. In this context, this study presents the spatial variations of radiated energy, corner frequency, and stress drop at far-field distances as a consequence of the heterogeneous distribution of positive residual energy. It is found that the rupture of asperities, determined by large values of \({E}^{res}\), strongly shifts the frequency content and generates a Doppler effect of the frequency content. That is, the location in the far-field in direction where the asperity is being ruptured generates traveling waves characterized by an increase of the observed corner frequency, which corresponds to the corner frequency measured by the observer. This implies that different station measures different frequency content implying different estimations of the source parameters. Besides, the variability of the observed corner frequency could break the scaling between the corner frequency and the magnitude. Nevertheless, it is also found that the average observed corner frequency, when considering all the points or stations, is almost the same as that obtained for the seismic source. A similar property is found for radiated energy and stress drop. These results show that the ground motion at a given location varies depending on the heterogeneities of the section of the fault being ruptured.

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异质自停破裂导致辐射能量的空间变化和观测到的角频率的多普勒效应
由于地震波的振幅及其频率含量会对建筑物造成严重破坏,因此对强地面运动的研究具有极其重要的意义。由于振幅和频率含量直接取决于震源,因此需要对地震的破裂过程进行适当的描述和模拟。这意味着,现实的震源模型应包含产生自恢复破裂的破裂参数的异质分布。其中一种模型是基于异质能量(HE-B)的方法,它可以根据残余能量(\({E}^{res}\))的分布来描述运动破裂过程。该参数定义了断层中累积能量大于耗散能量的区域。在此背景下,本研究介绍了正残余能量异质分布导致的远场距离上辐射能量、角频率和应力下降的空间变化。研究发现,由大的\({E}^{res}\)值决定的尖面破裂会强烈移动频率含量,并产生频率含量的多普勒效应。也就是说,在远场中,在有棱镜破裂的方向上的位置会产生行波,其特点是观测到的角频率会增加,这与观测者测量到的角频率是一致的。这意味着不同的观测站测量到的频率内容不同,这意味着对声源参数的估计不同。此外,观测到的角频率的变化可能会打破角频率与振幅之间的比例关系。不过,我们也发现,在考虑所有点或台站时,观测到的平均角频率几乎与震源的角频率相同。辐射能量和应力下降也有类似的特性。这些结果表明,特定地点的地面运动因断裂断层段的异质性而异。
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来源期刊
Journal of Seismology
Journal of Seismology 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
6.20%
发文量
67
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Seismology is an international journal specialising in all observational and theoretical aspects related to earthquake occurrence. Research topics may cover: seismotectonics, seismicity, historical seismicity, seismic source physics, strong ground motion studies, seismic hazard or risk, engineering seismology, physics of fault systems, triggered and induced seismicity, mining seismology, volcano seismology, earthquake prediction, structural investigations ranging from local to regional and global studies with a particular focus on passive experiments.
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