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Source parameters of the May 28, 2016, Mihoub earthquake (Mw 5.4, Algeria) deduced from Bayesian modelling of Sentinel-1 SAR data 通过对 Sentinel-1 SAR 数据进行贝叶斯建模推导出的 2016 年 5 月 28 日 Mihoub 地震(阿尔及利亚,5.4 级)震源参数
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-024-10243-2
S. Miloudi, M. Meghraoui, T. Nozadkhalil, E. Cetin, F. Semmane, M. Khelif

Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) is a powerful technique for quantifying the co- and postseismic deformation of large earthquakes at the Earth’s surface. However, surface deformation caused by small- to moderate-sized earthquakes is rarely revealed by InSAR because their coseismic slip occurs mostly at significant depths (> 5 km), with limited deformation on the Earth’s surface. In this work, we investigate the surface deformation associated with the Mw 5.4 May 28, 2016, Mihoub (Algeria) earthquake and its source parameters. Interferograms calculated from Sentinel-1 TOPSAR images of both ascending and descending orbits show that, despite its small size, the earthquake produced evident deformation on the Earth’s surface, suggesting that the coseismic slip took place at a relatively shallow depth. We model the coseismic displacement fields extracted from InSAR time series using Bayesian approaches in two stages: 1) we model the coseismic slip data using uniform slip on a single fault to constrain the fault parameters. 2) We explore a variable slip model with varying rakes on the discretized fault obtained in the first stage. The modelling results indicate that the earthquake was associated with a ~ 0.5 m shallow oblique reverse slip, mostly between depths of 1.5 and 4.5 km, on a NE–SW-trending and SE-dipping thrust fault, which is in good agreement with the focal mechanism solutions of the earthquake deduced from seismology. This study demonstrates that the multitemporal InSAR (MTI) method may constrain surface displacements when the coseismic interferograms of moderate- to small-sized earthquakes are noisy and hence difficult to unwrap. The newly identified seismogenic Mihoub fault has implications for seismic hazard assessment in northern Algeria.

合成孔径雷达干涉测量法(InSAR)是量化地球表面大地震共震和震后变形的强大技术。然而,InSAR 却很少揭示中小型地震引起的地表形变,因为这些地震的共震滑动大多发生在相当大的深度(> 5 km),地球表面的形变有限。在这项工作中,我们研究了与 2016 年 5 月 28 日 Mw 5.4 级米胡布(阿尔及利亚)地震相关的地表形变及其震源参数。根据哨兵 1 号 TOPSAR 图像计算出的上升和下降轨道干涉图显示,尽管地震规模较小,但却在地球表面产生了明显的形变,表明共震滑动发生在相对较浅的深度。我们采用贝叶斯方法,分两个阶段对从 InSAR 时间序列中提取的共震位移场进行建模:1) 我们使用单一断层上的均匀滑动对同震滑动数据进行建模,以约束断层参数。2) 我们在第一阶段获得的离散断层上探索了一个具有不同耙距的可变滑移模型。建模结果表明,地震与一条东北-西南走向、向东南倾斜的推力断层上约 0.5 米的浅斜反向滑动有关,主要发生在 1.5 至 4.5 千米深度之间,这与地震学推导出的地震焦点机制解十分吻合。这项研究表明,当中小规模地震的共震干涉图噪声较大,难以解包时,多时相 InSAR(MTI)方法可以约束地表位移。新发现的 Mihoub 地震断层对阿尔及利亚北部的地震灾害评估具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Fault imaging using earthquake sequences: a revised seismotectonic model for the Albstadt Shear Zone, Southwest Germany 利用地震序列进行断层成像:德国西南部阿尔布施塔特剪切带的地震构造模型修订版
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-024-10241-4
Sarah Mader, Joachim R. R. Ritter, Andrea Brüstle, AlpArray Working Group

In Germany, the highest seismic hazard is associated with the Albstadt Shear Zone (ASZ) in the western Swabian Jura, a low mountain range in southwest Germany. The region is affected by continuous micro-seismic activity with the potential for damaging earthquakes (nine events with ML (ge ) 5 in the 20(^{th}) century). Within the AlpArray and StressTransfer projects nine temporary seismic stations have been installed in the region of the ASZ to densify the permanent seismic monitoring. In October 2018 and September 2019, the state seismological survey (LED) detected two low-magnitude earthquake sequences with hundreds of events in the area. The temporarily densified local network allows us to systematically analyze these sequences and to search for other sequences by applying a template-matching routine on data from 2018 to 2020. In total, six earthquake sequences could be identified with at least 10 events. The four largest sequences (> 50 events) consist of two fore- and aftershock sequence and two earthquake swarms. Earthquake swarms were so far not observed around the ASZ. Precise relative hypocenter relocations and the determination of fault-plane solutions allow us to propose a seismotectonic model based on the three imaged fault types: (a) The well-known NNE-SSW striking sinistral strike-slip ASZ at depths of 5-10 km, (b) a NW-SE striking dextral strike-slip fault zone at depths of 11-15 km beneath the Hohenzollerngraben (HZG), a shallow, apparently aseismic NW-SE striking graben structure; this NW-SE fault zone possibly is an inherited zone of weakness in the basement and facilitated the development of the HZG and (c) at the intersection of the ASZ with the NW-SE fault zone, complex faulting in form of NNW-SSE striking sinistral strike-slip and normal faulting possibly to accommodate local stresses.

在德国,最大的地震危害与位于德国西南部低山脉斯瓦比亚汝拉西部的阿尔布施塔特剪切带(ASZ)有关。该地区受到持续微震活动的影响,有可能发生破坏性地震(20 世纪有 9 次 ML 为 5 的地震)。在AlpArray和StressTransfer项目中,在ASZ地区安装了9个临时地震台,以加强永久性地震监测。2018 年 10 月和 2019 年 9 月,国家地震调查(LED)在该地区检测到两次低震级地震序列,共发生数百起地震事件。临时密集化的本地网络使我们能够对这些序列进行系统分析,并通过对 2018 年至 2020 年的数据应用模板匹配例程来搜索其他序列。总共可以确定六个地震序列,其中至少有 10 个事件。最大的四个序列(50 个事件)包括两个前震和余震序列以及两个地震群。迄今为止,在 ASZ 周围没有观测到地震群。通过精确的相对震中定位和断层面解法的确定,我们提出了基于三种成像断层类型的地震构造模型:(a) 著名的 NNE-SSW 走向的正弦走向滑动 ASZ,深度为 5-10 千米;(b) 霍亨索伦格拉本(HZG)下 11-15 千米处的 NW-SE 走向的右旋走向滑动断层带,这是一个浅层、明显无地震的 NW-SE 走向地堑结构;(c) 在 ASZ 与 NW-SE 断层带的交汇处,有 NNW-SSE 走向的正弦走向滑动和正断层等复杂断层,可能是为了适应当地的应力。
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引用次数: 0
A logic-tree based probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for the central ionian islands of cephalonia and ithaca (Western Greece) 对塞法罗尼亚岛和伊萨卡岛(希腊西部)进行基于逻辑树的概率地震危害评估
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-024-10242-3
George Kaviris, Angelos Zymvragakis, Vasilis Kapetanidis, Vasiliki Kouskouna, Ioannis Spingos, Nikolaos Sakellariou, Nicholas Voulgaris

The Central Ionian Islands of Cephalonia and Ithaca belong to the most seismically active Greek region, mainly due to the presence of the dextral Cephalonia-Lefkada Transform Fault Zone. The study area has experienced strong earthquakes in the twentieth century, including the destructive 1953 sequence with maximum intensity 9.0. The Paliki peninsula, western Cephalonia, hosted two strong earthquakes (Mw = 6.1 and 5.8) in 2014, with ground acceleration reaching ~ 560 cm/s2 and 735 cm/s2, respectively. This study updates the seismic hazard evaluation in Cephalonia and Ithaca using new data and computational techniques to reduce epistemic uncertainties. The probabilistic approach of Cornell and McGuire was used, and the uncertainties are reduced through data variability of the source models, seismicity data, and Ground Motion Prediction Equations using a logic tree approach, sampled by implementing the Latin Hypercube Sampling method. The spatial distribution of Peak Ground Acceleration and Peak Ground Velocity for return periods of 475 and 950 years indicates low variation in the entire study area and that the Paliki peninsula possesses the highest level of seismic hazard. Additionally, site-specific analysis across the three main towns, Lixouri and Argostoli in Cephalonia and Vathi in Ithaca, reveals that Lixouri has the highest level of seismic hazard, while Vathi the lowest.

塞法罗尼亚和伊萨卡的中爱奥尼亚群岛属于希腊地震最活跃的地区,这主要是由于存在右旋的塞法罗尼亚-莱夫卡达转换断裂带。研究区域在二十世纪曾发生过强烈地震,包括 1953 年发生的破坏性地震,最大地震烈度为 9.0 级。2014 年,西塞法利尼亚的帕利基半岛发生了两次强烈地震(Mw = 6.1 和 5.8),地面加速度分别达到 ~ 560 cm/s2 和 735 cm/s2。本研究利用新数据和计算技术更新了塞法罗尼亚和伊萨卡的地震灾害评估,以减少认识上的不确定性。采用了康奈尔和麦奎尔的概率方法,并通过使用逻辑树方法对震源模型、地震数据和地动预测方程进行数据变异,并通过实施拉丁超立方采样法进行采样,从而降低了不确定性。重现期分别为 475 年和 950 年的峰值地加速度和峰值地速度的空间分布表明,整个研究区域的变化较小,帕利基半岛的地震危害程度最高。此外,对三个主要城镇(Cephalonia 的 Lixouri 和 Argostoli 以及 Ithaca 的 Vathi)的具体地点分析表明,Lixouri 的地震危害程度最高,而 Vathi 的地震危害程度最低。
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引用次数: 0
Developing machine learning-based ground motion models to predict peak ground velocity in Turkiye 开发基于机器学习的地动模型,以预测土耳其的峰值地速
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-024-10239-y
Fahrettin Kuran, Gülüm Tanırcan, Elham Pashaei

This paper introduces machine learning-based Turkiye-specific ground motion models for the geometric mean horizontal component of peak ground velocity (PGV). PGV is a significant intensity metric to measure and diagnose potential earthquake damage in structures. Reliable prediction of PGV is of essential importance in precise calculations of seismic hazard. The efficiencies, reliabilities, and capabilities of various machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Linear Regression, Artificial Neural Network, Gradient Boosting, and Bayesian Ridge Regression, are evaluated and compared. The most recently compiled Turkish strong motion database, which consists of over 950 earthquakes occurring from 1983 to 2023, is used for shaping the models' ability to learn and make accurate predictions. Three feature selection methods- Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, Recursive Feature Elimination, and Pearson’s Correlation- representing embedded, wrapper, and filter approaches, respectively, are applied to determine the most suitable estimator parameters to predict PGV. Residual analyses and statistical evaluation metrics are employed to measure the performance and effectiveness of the machine learning models. Among the algorithms applied, Gradient Boosting demonstrates exceptional success in predicting PGV, particularly when utilizing all estimator parameters (features) collectively. The Gradient Boosting model exhibits superior predictive capabilities compared to existing ground motion models. It is applicable to shallow crustal strike-slip and normal faulting earthquakes with moment magnitude ranging from 3.5 to 7.8 and Joyner and Boore distance up to 200 km.

本文介绍了基于机器学习的图尔基耶峰值地动速度(PGV)几何平均水平分量地动模型。PGV 是衡量和诊断结构潜在地震破坏的重要烈度指标。PGV 的可靠预测对于精确计算地震灾害至关重要。本文对随机森林、支持向量机、线性回归、人工神经网络、梯度提升和贝叶斯脊回归等各种机器学习算法的效率、可靠性和能力进行了评估和比较。最新编制的土耳其强震数据库包含了从 1983 年到 2023 年发生的 950 多次地震,用于塑造模型的学习能力和做出准确预测的能力。应用三种特征选择方法--最小绝对收缩和选择操作器、递归特征消除和皮尔逊相关性--分别代表嵌入、包装和过滤方法,以确定最适合预测 PGV 的估计器参数。残差分析和统计评估指标用于衡量机器学习模型的性能和有效性。在所应用的算法中,梯度提升法在预测 PGV 方面取得了巨大成功,尤其是在综合利用所有估计参数(特征)时。与现有的地动模型相比,梯度提升模型表现出更出色的预测能力。该模型适用于矩级在 3.5 到 7.8 之间、Joyner 和 Boore 距离达 200 千米的浅地壳走向滑动和正断层地震。
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引用次数: 0
Fault structures of the Haichenghe fault zone in Liaoning, China from high-precision location based on dense array observation 基于密集阵观测的高精度定位研究中国辽宁海城河断裂带的断层构造
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-024-10240-5
Qing-Shan Sun, Lan-Shu Bai, Liang Wang, Jiu-Yang Wang, Shi-Chao Yang, En-Lai Li

The Haichenghe fault zone (HFZ), the site of the 1975 M 7.3 Haicheng earthquake, is one of the most seismically active zones in eastern China. To better understand the fault structures in HFZ, we deployed a dense array of 23 broadband seismic stations in 2021, with an average distance interval of ~ 6 km. Utilizing neural network-based phase picking, earthquake association, and relocation methods, we analyzed data from the dense array and the Liaoning Seismic Network from Aug. 9, 2021, to Sep. 8, 2023. The relocations clearly reveal a conjugate fault system within the HFZ, consisting of WNW-striking and NE-striking subvertical faults with different scales. The Haichenghe Fault (HF) appears as a WNW-trending en echelon fault, with a 30-km-long main segment (MHF) to the northwest and a 5-km-long Xiuyan segment (XYF) to the southeast. The MHF is further divided into NW and SE segments by two NE-trending faults. Additionally, our data resolve the asymmetric conjugate rupture area of the Haicheng M 7.3 earthquake and a triangular seismic gap near the intersection of the MHF and the main NE-trending conjugate fault (MCF), indicating a strong heterogeneity of the subsurface medium in this region. Furthermore, we identified new conjugate fault structures with a V-shaped seismicity pattern in the Xiuyan area, extending along WNW and NE directions. Our findings stress the importance of dense array observations in the HFZ, providing essential seismological insights into its complex fault structures and seismogenic environment.

海城河断裂带(HFZ)是 1975 年海城 7.3 级地震的发生地,也是中国东部地震最活跃的地区之一。为了更好地了解海城河断裂带的断层结构,我们在 2021 年布设了由 23 个宽带地震台组成的密集阵列,平均间距约为 6 公里。利用基于神经网络的相位选取、地震关联和重定位方法,我们分析了密集阵和辽宁地震台网从 2021 年 8 月 9 日到 2023 年 9 月 8 日的数据。重定位结果清楚地揭示了海城河断裂带内的共轭断层系统,该断层系统由不同尺度的WNW向和NE向亚逆断层组成。海城河断层(HF)呈 WNW 走向的梯级断层,西北方向为长 30 公里的主断层段(MHF),东南方向为长 5 公里的岫岩断层段(XYF)。MHF 又被两条东北走向的断层分为西北段和东南段。此外,我们的数据还解析了海城 M 7.3 地震的非对称共轭断裂带,以及 MHF 与 NE 走向主共轭断层(MCF)交汇处附近的三角形地震缺口,表明该区域地下介质具有很强的异质性。此外,我们还在岫岩地区发现了新的共轭断层结构,其地震模式呈 "V "字形,沿西北和东北方向延伸。我们的研究结果强调了在高频区进行密集阵观测的重要性,为了解该地区复杂的断层结构和成震环境提供了重要的地震学信息。
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引用次数: 0
Parametric study of correlation of mainshock-aftershock ground motions based on Copula theory 基于 Copula 理论的主震-余震地面运动相关性参数研究
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-024-10238-z
Ziyan Wang, Xiaojun Li, Su Chen, Lei Fu, Bin Zhang, Xianwei Liu, Yanjun Zhu

This study investigates the impact of aftershocks on hazard assessment and disaster prevention by examining three main characteristics of strong ground motions: amplitude, spectrum, and duration. A total of 6414 accelerograms were compiled from 26 selected mainshock-aftershock events in the Yalong River Basin, China, Japan, and Turkey. The aim is to investigate the correlation between mainshocks and aftershocks using Copula theory and seven representative intensity measures: peak ground acceleration (PGA), cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), peak ground velocity (PGV), Arias intensity, significant duration, mean frequency and predominant frequency of Fourier amplitude spectrum. The findings reveal a moderate to strong non-linear correlation among the seven intensity measures of mainshocks and aftershocks. This non-linear correlation can be effectively captured using Gumbel, Gaussian, and t-Copula functions. Under the conditions of the optimal Copula joint distribution model among the given intensity measures and the mainshock intensity measures, the Copula conditional prediction model for aftershocks accurately reflects the values of aftershock intensity measures. This approach demonstrates the effectiveness of Copula theory in studying the correlation between mainshock and aftershock intensity measures. It offers a novel method for determining aftershock intensity measures and investigating correlations among multivariate random variables.

本研究通过考察强地震动的三个主要特征:振幅、频谱和持续时间,研究余震对灾害评估和灾害预防的影响。研究人员从雅砻江流域、中国、日本和土耳其的 26 个选定的主震-余震事件中汇编了共计 6414 个加速度图。目的是利用 Copula 理论和七种有代表性的强度测量方法:峰值地面加速度 (PGA)、累积绝对速度 (CAV)、峰值地面速度 (PGV)、阿里亚斯强度、显著持续时间、傅里叶振幅谱的平均频率和主导频率,研究主震和余震之间的相关性。研究结果表明,主震和余震的七种强度测量值之间存在中度到高度的非线性相关性。使用 Gumbel、高斯和 t-Copula 函数可以有效地捕捉这种非线性相关性。在给定强度测量值与主震强度测量值之间的最佳 Copula 联合分布模型条件下,余震的 Copula 条件预测模型能准确地反映余震强度测量值。这种方法证明了 Copula 理论在研究主震和余震强度测量值之间相关性方面的有效性。它为确定余震强度测量值和研究多元随机变量之间的相关性提供了一种新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Physics-based probabilistic seismic hazard assessment using synthetic ground motions: application to the stable continental region of India 利用合成地面运动进行基于物理学的概率地震灾害评估:在印度稳定大陆地区的应用
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-024-10236-1
K. P. Sreejaya, Bhargavi Podili, S. T. G. Raghukanth

Attaining explicit hazard estimates is a challenging task for data sparse regions such as the Peninsular India. Physics based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (Pb-PSHA) has gained momentum in recent years as a viable solution to this issue. While performing a site-specific analysis in data-sparse regions, instead of incorporating ground motion models (GMMs) from other regions in the hazard methodology, the Pb-PSHA involves obtaining physics-based numerical simulations. In the present study, Pb-PSHA is carried out for the entire southern Peninsular India, with a detailed demonstration for the Kalpakkam site, Tamilnadu. Due to absence of any data on local fault characteristics and past rupture models, simulations are derived using the spectral element method, for several source rupture scenarios. Further, the stochastic seismological model is used to simulate for high frequency (1-100 Hz) ensemble ground motions. Broadband ground motions are then obtained by combining the results from the deterministic model i.e., low frequency (0.01-1 Hz) simulations and the stochastic model. Further, PSHA based on elliptical gridded seismicity is carried out to obtain hazard curves for spectral accelerations. The ensuing uniform hazard response spectra are compared against the outcome of traditional PSHA involving a global GMM. The results indicate that the PGA values obtained from the Pb-PSHA are slightly higher than that of the global GMM-based PSHA.

对于印度半岛等数据稀少的地区来说,获得明确的危险估计是一项具有挑战性的任务。近年来,基于物理的地震危险性概率分析(Pb-PSHA)作为解决这一问题的可行方案,已经获得了蓬勃发展。在数据稀缺地区进行特定地点分析时,Pb-PSHA 不需要将其他地区的地震动模型(GMMs)纳入危险性分析方法,而是采用基于物理的数值模拟。在本研究中,Pb-PSHA 针对整个印度半岛南部进行,并对泰米尔纳德邦的 Kalpakkam 站点进行了详细论证。由于缺乏有关当地断层特征和过去破裂模型的任何数据,本研究采用谱元法对几种震源破裂情况进行了模拟。此外,还使用随机地震学模型模拟高频(1-100 Hz)集合地面运动。然后将确定性模型(即低频(0.01-1 Hz)模拟)和随机模型的结果结合起来,得到宽带地面运动。此外,还根据椭圆形网格地震进行 PSHA,以获得频谱加速度的危险曲线。随后,将统一危险反应谱与涉及全局 GMM 的传统 PSHA 结果进行比较。结果表明,Pb-PSHA 得出的 PGA 值略高于基于全局 GMM 的 PSHA。
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引用次数: 0
Seismic source analysis and directivity of the November 2021 Fin doublet earthquake in southern Iran: challenges and findings 伊朗南部 2021 年 11 月 Fin 双联地震的震源分析和指向性:挑战与发现
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-024-10237-0
Elham Sabouri, Zaher Hossein Shomali, Mehrdad Pakzad

Studying the source characteristics of doublet or multiple earthquake sequences presents significant challenges in seismology, especially with short time intervals between events. On November 14, 2021, a doublet earthquake (Mw 6.0 and Mw 6.1) occurred near Fin city, southern Iran, within a span of less than two minutes and 10 km apart. We employed the Kinematic Waveform Inversion (KIWI) procedure to determine the point and extended source parameters of these events, using a multistep inversion approach for stable solutions. Our analysis highlighted the directivity of the earthquakes: the first event exhibited bilateral directivity, causing a rupture area that reached the surface, while the second event showed unilateral westward directivity, supported by waveform amplitude differences observed at various stations. This directivity analysis plays an essential role in seismic hazard studies. Our findings regarding the source parameters of these recent doublet earthquakes in the Fin region align well with regional geological trends and fault patterns. However, retrieving the main fault plane for the second earthquake was challenging due to the complexities of the waveform. Moment tensor decomposition revealed significant non-double-couple components for the second event, indicating the complexity inherent in analyzing doublet events. This study underscores the critical role of precise waveform analysis and robust inversion techniques in understanding complex seismic events.

研究双发或多发地震序列的震源特征给地震学带来了巨大挑战,尤其是在地震发生间隔时间很短的情况下。2021 年 11 月 14 日,伊朗南部芬市附近发生了一次双发地震(Mw 6.0 和 Mw 6.1),间隔时间不到两分钟,相距 10 公里。我们采用了运动波形反演(KIWI)程序来确定这些事件的点源和扩展源参数,并使用多步反演方法来获得稳定的解决方案。我们的分析凸显了地震的指向性:第一个事件表现出双边指向性,造成的断裂区域到达地表,而第二个事件表现出单边向西指向性,在不同站点观测到的波形振幅差异也证明了这一点。这种指向性分析在地震灾害研究中起着至关重要的作用。我们对 Fin 地区最近发生的这些双发地震震源参数的研究结果与该地区的地质趋势和断层模式非常吻合。然而,由于波形的复杂性,检索第二次地震的主断层面具有挑战性。力矩张量分解显示,第二次地震有大量非双偶成分,这表明分析双偶事件具有内在的复杂性。这项研究强调了精确的波形分析和强大的反演技术在理解复杂地震事件中的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Physically adjusted ground motion prediction equations for induced seismicity at Preston New Road, UK 英国普雷斯顿新路诱发地震的物理调整地动预测方程
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-024-10235-2
Pungky Megasari Suroyo, Jaleena Sunny, Benjamin Edwards

Predicting ground motions due to induced seismicity is a challenging task owing to the scarcity of data and heterogeneity of the uppermost crust. Dealing with this requires a thorough understanding of the underlying physics and consideration of inter-site variability. The most common ground motion model used in practice is the parametric ground motion prediction equation (GMPE), of which hundreds exist in the literature. However, relatively few are developed with a focus on induced seismicity. Developing GMPEs that are specific to an appropriate magnitude-distance range ((R < 30) km; (2 le M le 6)) is important for induced seismicity applications. This paper proposes a framework for the development of physically-based GMPEs to provide more accurate and reliable estimates of the potential induced-seismicity ground motion hazard, allowing for better risk assessment and management strategies. To demonstrate this approach, a new set of GMPEs for the 2018-2019 induced seismicity sequence at the Preston New Road (PNR) shale gas site near Blackpool, United Kingdom, is presented. The physically-based GMPE was developed based on a pseudo-finite-fault stochastic ground motion simulation, calibrated with parameters derived from the spectral analysis of weak-motion records from induced seismic events. An optimization-based calibration technique using the area metric (AM) was subsequently performed to calibrate optimal parameters for simulating ground motion at the PNR site. Finally, using a suite of forward simulations for events with (1 le M le 6) recorded at distances up to 30 km, combined with empirical data, a location-specific GMPE was derived through adjustment of an existing model.

由于数据稀缺和最上层地壳的异质性,预测诱发地震引起的地面运动是一项具有挑战性的任务。要解决这个问题,就必须透彻了解基本物理原理,并考虑场地间的变化。实践中最常用的地动模型是参数地动预测方程(GMPE),文献中已有数百种。然而,以诱发地震为重点开发的模型相对较少。开发特定于适当震级-距离范围((R < 30) km;(2 le M le 6) )的地动预测方程对于诱发地震的应用非常重要。本文提出了一个基于物理的 GMPEs 开发框架,以便对潜在的诱发地震地动危险提供更准确、更可靠的估计,从而更好地进行风险评估和制定管理策略。为了展示这种方法,本文介绍了英国布莱克浦附近普雷斯顿新路(PNR)页岩气矿区 2018-2019 年诱发地震序列的一套新的 GMPE。基于物理的 GMPE 是在伪有限断层随机地动模拟的基础上开发的,并使用从诱发地震事件的弱震记录频谱分析中得出的参数进行校准。随后,使用面积度量(AM)进行了基于优化的校准技术,以校准模拟 PNR 站点地动的最佳参数。最后,利用对距离达 30 公里的地震记录进行的一套前向模拟,结合经验数据,通过调整现有模型,得出了特定地点的地动模型。
{"title":"Physically adjusted ground motion prediction equations for induced seismicity at Preston New Road, UK","authors":"Pungky Megasari Suroyo,&nbsp;Jaleena Sunny,&nbsp;Benjamin Edwards","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10235-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10235-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predicting ground motions due to induced seismicity is a challenging task owing to the scarcity of data and heterogeneity of the uppermost crust. Dealing with this requires a thorough understanding of the underlying physics and consideration of inter-site variability. The most common ground motion model used in practice is the parametric ground motion prediction equation (GMPE), of which hundreds exist in the literature. However, relatively few are developed with a focus on induced seismicity. Developing GMPEs that are specific to an appropriate magnitude-distance range (<span>(R &lt; 30)</span> km; <span>(2 le M le 6)</span>) is important for induced seismicity applications. This paper proposes a framework for the development of physically-based GMPEs to provide more accurate and reliable estimates of the potential induced-seismicity ground motion hazard, allowing for better risk assessment and management strategies. To demonstrate this approach, a new set of GMPEs for the 2018-2019 induced seismicity sequence at the Preston New Road (PNR) shale gas site near Blackpool, United Kingdom, is presented. The physically-based GMPE was developed based on a pseudo-finite-fault stochastic ground motion simulation, calibrated with parameters derived from the spectral analysis of weak-motion records from induced seismic events. An optimization-based calibration technique using the area metric (AM) was subsequently performed to calibrate optimal parameters for simulating ground motion at the PNR site. Finally, using a suite of forward simulations for events with <span>(1 le M le 6)</span> recorded at distances up to 30 km, combined with empirical data, a location-specific GMPE was derived through adjustment of an existing model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 5","pages":"1147 - 1171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10950-024-10235-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unraveling the unusual 22 November 2020 earthquake (Mw 3.5) in the Nile Delta Hinge Zone: Origin and tectonic implications 揭开尼罗河三角洲铰链区 2020 年 11 月 22 日不寻常地震(3.5 级)的神秘面纱:起源和构造影响
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-024-10233-4
I.F Abu El Nader, Hany M. Hassan, Hazem Badreldin, Adel S. Othman, Ashraf Adly

On November 22, 2020, a moment magnitude of Mw 3.5 earthquake struck the highly populated Nile Delta. This event marked the first recorded earthquake in this area. We employed the polarity of P and S wave first motions, as well as SH and SV amplitudes and their respective ratios (SH/P and SV/SH), to constrain the focal mechanism solution. Furthermore, considering Brune's circular source model, kinematic source parameters were estimated through spectral analysis of available and reliable seismic data. The obtained solution reveals an oblique-slip fault mechanism, characterized by strike, dip, and rake angles of 341º, 69º, and -47º, respectively. Additionally, the two fault planes exhibit trends aligned with the E-W and NNW directions. This normal fault mechanism with a strike component aligns with previously identified events in various active areas of Egypt, indicating a dominant extensional stress regime. The trend/plunge of the P and T axes are determined to be 299º/46º and 42º/13º, respectively. Moreover, the NE trending of the T axis agrees well with the current extension stress field prevalent along the eastern border of Egypt. The average seismic moment and moment magnitude values for P and SH waves are estimated to be 1.86 × 1014 Nm, and 3.5, respectively. Furthermore, the average source values of radius and stress drop are calculated to be 304 m, and 29 bar, respectively. Through a comparative and comprehensive analysis of fault mechanism solutions in the Nile Delta region and its surroundings, we have concluded that the fault structures in the Hinge Zone and Cairo-Suez Shear Zone exhibit similarities. This finding provides evidence that the geodynamic processes and fault style are identical. In conclusion, the provided information contributes to our understanding of the seismotectonic characteristics and earthquake hazard in the epicentral region. Moreover, this study serves as a motivation for future site response and seismic hazard analyses based on a scenario-based approach.

2020 年 11 月 22 日,人口稠密的尼罗河三角洲发生了 3.5 级地震。这次地震是该地区有记录以来的首次地震。我们利用 P 波和 S 波初动的极性,以及 SH 波和 SV 波的振幅及其各自的比率(SH/P 和 SV/SH)来约束焦点机制解决方案。此外,考虑到 Brune 的圆形震源模型,通过对现有的可靠地震数据进行频谱分析,估算了震源运动参数。得到的解决方案揭示了一个斜滑动断层机制,其特征是走向、倾角和倾斜角分别为 341º、69º 和 -47º。此外,两个断层面的走向与东西向和西北向一致。这种带有走向成分的正断层机制与之前在埃及多个活跃地区发现的事件相吻合,表明了一种主要的伸展应力机制。经测定,P 轴和 T 轴的走向/倾斜度分别为 299º/46º 和 42º/13º。此外,T 轴的东北走向与埃及东部边界目前普遍存在的延伸应力场十分吻合。据估计,P 波和 SH 波的平均地震力矩和力矩幅值分别为 1.86 × 1014 牛米和 3.5。此外,计算得出的半径和应力降的平均震源值分别为 304 米和 29 巴。通过对尼罗河三角洲地区及其周边地区的断层机制方案进行比较和综合分析,我们得出结论:铰链区和开罗-苏伊士剪切区的断层结构具有相似性。这一发现为地球动力过程和断层风格的相同提供了证据。总之,所提供的信息有助于我们了解震中地区的地震构造特征和地震危害。此外,本研究还为未来基于情景方法的场地响应和地震灾害分析提供了动力。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Seismology
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