The effectiveness of cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections for the treatment of cervical radicular pain: A prospective cohort study reporting 12-month outcomes

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injection (CTFESI) for the treatment of unilateral cervical radicular pain.

Design

Single-group prospective cohort study.

Methods

Outcomes included ≥50% reductions in Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for arm pain, ≥30% Neck Disability Index (NDI-5) improvement, health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), global improvement (PGIC), personal goal achievement (COMBI), Chronic Pain Sleep Index (CPSI), and healthcare utilization at one, three, six, and 12 months. Data analysis included descriptive statistics with the calculations of 95% confidence intervals (CIs), contingency table analysis, and multilevel logistic regression (LR) analysis, including a worst-case (WC) sensitivity analysis in which missing data were treated as treatment failure. Participants who were treated surgically were considered failures in the categorical analyses.

Results

33 consecutively enrolled participants (63.6% females, 51.2 ± 12.2 years of age, BMI 28.3 ± 4.5 kg/m²) were analyzed. Success rates for ≥50% reduction in NRS for arm pain at one, three, six and 12 months were 57.6% (95% CI 40.8–72.8%), 71.9% (95% CI 54.6–84.4%), 64.5% (95% CI 46.9–78.9%), and 64.5% (95% CI 46.9–78.9%). Success rates for ≥30% improvement in NDI-5 were 60.6% (95% CI 43.7–75.3%), 68.8% (95% CI 51.4–82.0%), 61.3% (95% CI 43.8–76.3%), and 71.0% (95% CI 53.4–83.9%). In WC analysis, success rates for ≥50% arm NRS and NDI-5 were 0–4.3% lower between 1 and 12 months. PGIC scores were at least “much improved” or “very much improved,” in 48.4–65.6% of participants between 1 and 12 months. 6.1%, 6.1%, and 3.0% had one, two, or three repeat injections, respectively. 18.2% of participants underwent surgery by 12 months. Participants showed significant improvements in arm NRS and NDI-5 after treatment (p < 0.05), multilevel logistic regression models showed no significant decline in improvements across the follow-up time points (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in pain and disability were observed after CTFESI for up to 12 months in individuals with unilateral cervical radicular pain.