Monocular and binocular mechanisms detect modulations of dot density and dot contrast

IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Vision Research Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI:10.1016/j.visres.2023.108347
Kristina Zeljic, Michael J. Morgan, Joshua A. Solomon
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Strong reciprocity has been demonstrated between (1) spatial modulations of dot density and modulations of dot luminance, and (2) modulations of dot density and modulations of dot contrast, in textures. The latter are much easier to detect when presented in phase with one another than when presented 180° out of phase, although out-of-phase modulations can also be detected given sufficient amplitude. This result supports the existence of two detection mechanisms: one that is excited by both density modulations and contrast modulations (quiescent when those modulations are presented 180° out of phase) and another that is relatively insensitive to either density modulations or contrast modulations (thus remaining stimulated regardless of phase angle). We investigate whether the mechanism responsible for detecting out-of-phase modulations depends on high-level computations (downstream from the confluence of monocular signals) or whether both mechanisms are situated at the monocular level of visual processing. Specifically, density-modulated and/or contrast-modulated stimuli were presented monocularly (i.e., to the same eye) or dichoptically (i.e., to opposite eyes). Out-of-phase modulations of density were much easier to detect when presented dichoptically. A dichoptic advantage was also found for out-of-phase density and contrast modulations. These dichoptic advantages imply conscious access to a mechanism at the monocular level of processing. When density modulations were presented dichoptically, 180° out of phase, detection thresholds were highest. Consequently, a mechanism with binocular input must also contribute to the detection of these modulations. We describe a minimal, image-based model for these results that contains one monocular computation and one binocular computation.

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单眼和双眼机制检测点密度和点对比度的变化
在纹理中,(1) 网点密度的空间调制与网点亮度的调制之间,以及 (2) 网点密度的调制与网点对比度的调制之间,存在着很强的互易性。后者在相位一致的情况下比相位相差 180°的情况下更容易被检测到,尽管如果有足够的振幅,相位相差的调制也能被检测到。这一结果支持了两种检测机制的存在:一种机制同时受到密度调制和对比度调制的刺激(当这些调制以相位相差 180°的方式呈现时处于静止状态),另一种机制则对密度调制或对比度调制相对不敏感(因此无论相位角如何都会受到刺激)。我们研究的是,负责检测非同相调制的机制是否取决于高级计算(单眼信号汇合的下游),或者这两种机制是否都位于视觉处理的单眼水平。具体来说,密度调节和/或对比度调节刺激是单眼(即同一只眼睛)或双眼(即相对的眼睛)呈现的。密度的非相位调节在分色呈现时更容易被检测到。在密度和对比度的非同相调制中,也发现了二色性优势。这些二向优势意味着有意识地使用单眼处理水平的机制。当密度调制以相位相差 180°的双光方式呈现时,检测阈值最高。因此,双目输入机制也必须有助于这些调制的检测。我们为这些结果描述了一个基于图像的最小模型,该模型包含一个单眼计算和一个双眼计算。
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来源期刊
Vision Research
Vision Research 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
16.70%
发文量
111
审稿时长
66 days
期刊介绍: Vision Research is a journal devoted to the functional aspects of human, vertebrate and invertebrate vision and publishes experimental and observational studies, reviews, and theoretical and computational analyses. Vision Research also publishes clinical studies relevant to normal visual function and basic research relevant to visual dysfunction or its clinical investigation. Functional aspects of vision is interpreted broadly, ranging from molecular and cellular function to perception and behavior. Detailed descriptions are encouraged but enough introductory background should be included for non-specialists. Theoretical and computational papers should give a sense of order to the facts or point to new verifiable observations. Papers dealing with questions in the history of vision science should stress the development of ideas in the field.
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