Vision Research最新文献

Retinal processing of natural scenes: challenges ahead 自然场景的视网膜处理：未来的挑战

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108763

Samuele Virgili, Olivier Marre

While substantial knowledge exists about the way the retina processes simple stimuli, our understanding of how the retina processes natural stimuli remains limited. Here we highlight key challenges that remain to be addressed to understand retinal processing of natural stimuli and describe emerging research avenues to overcome them. A key issue is model complexity. When complexifying the probing stimuli towards natural stimuli, the number of parameters required in models of retinal computations increases, raising issues of overfitting, generalization, and interpretability. This increase in complexity also poses a challenge for normative approaches, as it makes it difficult to derive non-linear retinal computations from simple principles. We describe two approaches that may help circumvent this issue. First, we propose that a new form of reductionism is emerging: instead of breaking down natural stimuli into sums of simpler stimuli, it becomes possible to “divide and conquer” natural scenes into different visual inputs corresponding to different visual tasks, allowing to study retinal computations separately for each of these tasks. Moreover, the abstract computations performed by some cell types may be understood as the result of being constrained by multiple tasks. Second, several studies suggest that it will soon be possible to mitigate the issue of complexity, by “embodying” models with more biological constraints, in particular those derived from connectomic studies. Together, these approaches offer a powerful strategy to tackle current limitations and advance our understanding of how the retina processes natural visual environments, and suggest methods that could be used in other sensory areas.

虽然关于视网膜处理简单刺激的方式已经有了大量的知识，但我们对视网膜如何处理自然刺激的理解仍然有限。在这里，我们强调了仍然需要解决的关键挑战，以了解视网膜对自然刺激的处理，并描述了克服这些挑战的新兴研究途径。一个关键问题是模型复杂性。当探测刺激对自然刺激复杂化时，视网膜计算模型中所需参数的数量增加，引起了过拟合、泛化和可解释性的问题。复杂性的增加也对规范方法提出了挑战，因为它使得从简单的原理推导非线性视网膜计算变得困难。我们描述了两种可能有助于规避此问题的方法。首先，我们提出一种新形式的还原论正在出现：不是将自然刺激分解为更简单的刺激，而是将自然场景“分而治之”为不同的视觉任务对应的不同视觉输入，从而允许对每个任务分别研究视网膜计算。此外，某些细胞类型执行的抽象计算可以理解为受多个任务约束的结果。其次，几项研究表明，通过“体现”具有更多生物学约束的模型，特别是那些来自连接组研究的模型，很快就有可能缓解复杂性问题。总之，这些方法提供了一个强大的策略来解决当前的局限性，并推进我们对视网膜如何处理自然视觉环境的理解，并提出了可用于其他感觉区域的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in pro- and anti-saccade performance in 315 children from age eight to fourteen 315名8至14岁儿童的前扫视和反扫视表现的变化

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108762

Koert H. Stribos, Christoph Strauch, Roy S. Hessels, Lotte van den Berg, Stefan Van der Stigchel

Healthy development of executive functioning in early adolescence is an important aspect of cognitive maturation, predicting academic success and overall well-being. Anti-saccade tasks are established measures of executive functioning. We report on data from a unique sample of 315 children, each measured twice in the age range of 8–14 years, on the anti- and pro-saccade task as a developmental marker of executive function during this period in cognitive maturation. Saccadic reaction times on both tasks were progressively shorter for older ages, with the most pronounced differences between the ages of 8 to 10 years. Accuracy did not improve for the pro-saccade task (at ceiling for all ages), whereas a substantial improvement in accuracy was observed in the anti-saccade task with age. This improvement was mainly due to a decrease in regular errors (SRT ≥ 140 ms after target onset), whereas express errors SRT < 140 ms after target onset) decreased only slightly with age. Overall, we highlight the anti-saccade task as a useful tool for observing cognitive maturation during (pre-) adolescence.

青少年早期执行功能的健康发展是认知成熟的一个重要方面，预示着学业成功和整体福祉。反扫视任务是执行功能的既定衡量标准。我们报告了来自315名儿童的独特样本的数据，每个儿童在8-14岁的年龄范围内进行了两次测量，关于反扫视任务和前扫视任务作为认知成熟期间执行功能的发展标志。年龄越大，两项任务的跳跃性反应时间越短，8岁到10岁之间的差异最明显。前扫视任务的准确率没有提高（所有年龄的上限），而反扫视任务的准确率随着年龄的增长而显著提高。这种改善主要是由于常规错误（SRT≥140 ms后目标开始）的减少，而表达错误（SRT <；目标开始后140 ms）仅随着年龄的增长而略有下降。总之，我们强调反扫视任务是观察青春期（前）认知成熟的有用工具。

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引用次数: 0

Midget ganglion cell anatomy and center structure: More complex than it looks 小神经节细胞解剖和中心结构：比看起来复杂

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108751

Barry B. Lee

It is usually assumed that the center of the midget ganglion cell in the primate retina derives input from a single cone in and near the fovea, providing a ‘private line to the brain’. Thus, the physiological center should have the dimensions of a single cone sampling aperture. Centers measured physiologically are much larger, partly due to optical blur. With retinal eccentricity, at 10 degrees eccentricity cones are larger but optics do not change much. Yet physiological centers have much increased in size and are still much larger than expected from the anatomy. As retinal eccentricity increases further, convergence of retinal bipolars begins and this convergence becomes more pronounced at greater eccentricities. With convergence from 2 to 3 midget bipolars onto a ganglion cell, markedly anisotropic centers would be expected physiologically, but have not been reported. Dendritic tree anisotropies would also be expected to cause center irregularities at even greater eccentricities. These discrepancies between anatomy and physiology have received little attention but from a functional perspective would seem critical for understanding processing of information in the midget ganglion cell system. The ‘private line’ hypothesis may have to reformulated to take these inconsistencies into account.

通常认为，灵长类动物视网膜上的小神经节细胞的中心从中央窝内和附近的一个锥体中获取输入，提供了一条“通往大脑的私人线路”。因此，生理中心应该有一个单一的锥体采样孔径的尺寸。生理测量的中心要大得多，部分原因是光学模糊。与视网膜偏心，在10度偏心锥体较大，但光学没有太大的变化。然而，生理中心的大小已经大大增加，并且仍然比解剖学所预期的要大得多。随着视网膜偏心进一步增加，视网膜双极开始收敛，这种收敛在更大的偏心处变得更加明显。从2到3个小双极汇聚到神经节细胞，在生理上可以预料到明显的各向异性中心，但尚未报道。树枝状树的各向异性也会在更大的偏心率处造成中心不规则。解剖学和生理学之间的这些差异很少受到关注，但从功能的角度来看，这似乎对理解小神经节细胞系统的信息处理至关重要。“私人线路”假设可能需要重新制定，以考虑到这些不一致。

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引用次数: 0

Peripheral crowding is invariant under different luminance levels 周边拥挤在不同亮度下是不变的。

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108750

Dilce Tanriverdi, Nomdo M. Jansonius, Frans W. Cornelissen

Peripheral crowding is the difficulty in recognizing objects in cluttered peripheral vision, affecting tasks like reading, visual search, and driving. The luminance of the environment also plays a significant role in these tasks. However, the potential interaction between crowding and luminance is still not clear. This study examined peripheral crowding (10 deg) by measuring its magnitude and critical spacing across a wide range of luminance levels, spanning from scotopic to photopic conditions. Ten participants binocularly identified the orientation of a target presented alone or flanked by four flankers. Responses were made by adjusting a central reference stimulus. Luminance was manipulated using neutral-density filter goggles (0.02–200 cd/m²). The distribution of differences between reported and actual target orientations was obtained, and the standard deviation of these distributions was taken as the perceptual error for each condition. Crowding magnitude was calculated by dividing perceptual error in the flanked condition by that in the isolated condition. Critical spacing was defined as the maximum separation between target and flanker for crowding to occur. It was calculated by fitting a hinged-line to the perceptual errors as a function of target-flanker-distance. Crowding magnitude and critical spacing were both measured for flankers with either no gap, a gap with a size matching each individual’s luminance-specific acuity threshold, or a suprathreshold (200 % of worst-acuity) gap. Results showed that both crowding magnitude and critical spacing were similar under all luminance and gap conditions. Our findings suggest that the same peripheral crowding mechanisms operate under scotopic and photopic conditions.

周边拥挤是指在杂乱的周边视觉中难以识别物体，影响阅读、视觉搜索和驾驶等任务。环境的亮度在这些任务中也起着重要的作用。然而，拥挤度和亮度之间潜在的相互作用仍不清楚。本研究通过测量其大小和临界间距来检查外围拥挤（10度），在广泛的亮度水平范围内，从暗性到光性条件。10名参与者用双眼识别单独呈现或被4个侧翼者包围的目标的方向。反应是通过调节中心参考刺激而产生的。采用中性密度滤光镜（0.02 ~ 200 cd/m2）控制亮度。得到报告目标方位与实际目标方位的差异分布，并将这些分布的标准差作为每种情况下的感知误差。通过将侧翼条件下的感知误差除以孤立条件下的感知误差来计算拥挤程度。临界间距定义为导致拥挤发生的目标与侧卫之间的最大距离。通过将感知误差拟合为目标-侧翼-距离的函数来计算。拥挤程度和临界间距都被测量为没有间隙，尺寸与每个个体的亮度特定锐度阈值匹配的间隙，或超过阈值（最差锐度的200%）间隙的侧翼。结果表明，在所有亮度和间隙条件下，拥挤程度和临界间距相似。我们的研究结果表明，相同的外周拥挤机制在暗光和光条件下运作。

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引用次数: 0

Are we ready to tackle perceptual segmentation of natural scenes? 我们准备好处理自然场景的感知分割了吗？

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108749

Ruben Coen-Cagli , Pascal Mamassian

Processes of perceptual segmentation and integration (PSI) are fundamental to perceptual organization. Although PSI of visual stimuli has been studied for over a century, we have only a rudimentary understanding of PSI of natural visual stimuli. This is due to limitations of traditional experimental methods in visual psychophysics of PSI; to the exclusive focus of computer-vision research for image segmentation on performance benchmarks; and to the scarcity of meaningful interactions between those two communities. The recent literature discussed in this paper presents a compelling argument that the field is starting to overcome those barriers. One important example of such an interaction between visual psychophysics and machine learning is given by the literature on the crowding phenomenon, which calls for revised models of summary statistics to explain some uncrowding results. Other examples reviewed here include studies of the perceptual uncertainty and dynamics of segmentation of natural stimuli, which call for computational models with probabilistic representations and dynamic computations. Conversely, contemporary machine learning algorithms produce impressive segmentation maps that still need to be aligned with human maps as measured with objective tasks such as the same/different segment paradigm reviewed here. Therefore, the time is ripe to move vision science forward by bridging new computational and experimental paradigms for PSI of natural stimuli.

知觉分割与整合过程是知觉组织的基础。虽然视觉刺激的PSI研究已经进行了一个多世纪，但我们对自然视觉刺激的PSI只有初步的了解。这是由于传统的视觉心理物理实验方法的局限性；以计算机视觉研究的独家焦点为图像分割的性能基准；以及这两个群体之间缺乏有意义的互动。本文中讨论的最新文献提出了一个令人信服的论点，即该领域正在开始克服这些障碍。关于拥挤现象的文献给出了视觉心理物理学和机器学习之间这种相互作用的一个重要例子，它要求修订汇总统计模型来解释一些非拥挤结果。这里回顾的其他例子包括对自然刺激的感知不确定性和动态分割的研究，这需要具有概率表示和动态计算的计算模型。相反，当代机器学习算法产生了令人印象深刻的分割地图，但仍然需要与人类地图保持一致，以客观任务（如本文回顾的相同/不同分段范式）进行测量。因此，通过连接自然刺激的PSI的新计算和实验范例，推动视觉科学向前发展的时机已经成熟。

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引用次数: 0

The best stereoacuity is rarely at the fovea 最佳立体敏锐度很少出现在中央凹。

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108748

Ângela Gomes Tomaz , Adrien Chopin , Noelia Gabriela Alcalde , Dennis M. Levi , Preeti Verghese

Stereoacuity, the ability to perceive depth from binocular disparity, is traditionally considered to be best at the fovea in typical human vision, and to decline with eccentricity. Previous studies have shown that when stereopsis is present in amblyopia, it is often coarse and comparable to stereoacuity associated with the peripheral retina in neurotypical controls, suggesting that it might be mediated by a non-foveal locus. Here we measured stereoacuity as a function of eccentricity in participants with amblyopia as well as controls with no history of abnormal visual development. We measured stereoacuity using random dot stereograms and targets that scaled with eccentricity, testing the fovea, and eccentricities of 2.5°, 5°, and 10° along the horizontal and vertical meridians. For 87.5% (7/8) of amblyopic participants, the locus of best stereoacuity was non-foveal. Surprisingly, 75% of control participants (15/20) also exhibited their best stereoacuity at non-foveal locations, with only 5 controls showing foveal superiority. Using stimulus parameters modified to improve foveal performance, we repeated measurements on a subset of controls whose best stereoacuity was non-foveal, but the best locus only shifted to the fovea in one participant. Stereoacuity measured at the experimentally determined “best locus” correlated well with standard clinical stereoacuity tests. These findings challenge the conventional view of universal foveal dominance for stereopsis, suggesting that the fovea is not invariably the site of best stereoscopic sensitivity, even in many normally sighted individuals. This has implications for understanding binocular vision in amblyopic and normal vision, and for interpreting clinical stereo tests.

立体敏锐度，即从双眼视差中感知深度的能力，传统上被认为在典型的人类视觉中，中央凹是最好的，而随着偏心而下降。先前的研究表明，当弱视存在立体视时，它通常是粗糙的，与神经典型对照中与周围视网膜相关的立体视敏相当，这表明它可能是由非中央凹位点介导的。在这里，我们测量了立体敏锐度作为偏心的功能，在弱视参与者和对照组没有视觉发育异常的历史。我们使用随机点立体图和按偏心比例缩放的目标来测量立体敏锐度，测试中央凹，以及沿水平和垂直子午线的2.5°，5°和10°的偏心。在87.5%（7/8）的弱视参与者中，最佳立体视敏位置为非中央凹。令人惊讶的是，75%的对照组参与者（15/20）在非中央凹位置也表现出最佳立体视力，只有5个对照组显示出中央凹优势。通过修改刺激参数来提高中央凹的表现，我们对非中央凹的最佳立体视敏度的控制组进行了重复测量，但只有一名参与者的最佳立体视敏度转移到了中央凹。在实验确定的“最佳位置”测量的立体视敏度与标准的临床立体视敏度测试有很好的相关性。这些发现挑战了关于立体视觉的中央凹优势的传统观点，表明即使在许多正常视力的个体中，中央凹也不一定是最佳立体敏感度的位置。这对理解弱视和正常视力的双眼视觉，以及解释临床立体测试具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Validation of clinical tools to measure grating acuity and contrast sensitivity in children with cerebral visual impairment 脑性视力障碍儿童光栅敏锐度和对比敏感度临床测量工具的验证

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108747

Rebecca Sumalini , Ahalya Subramanian , Miriam L. Conway , Lokesh Lingappa , PremNandhini Satgunam

There is a lack of validated clinical tools to measure visual functions in children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI). This study addresses this gap. Children aged 6 months-7 years with and without CVI (CVI, n = 111, mean age: 3.0 ± 1.9 years; 70.2 % male and without CVI, n = 50, mean age: 3.4 ± 1.9 years; 38 % male) were recruited. Grating acuity (GA) was evaluated using Teller Acuity Cards-II (TAC-II) and the Peekaboo Vision app (PV app), and contrast sensitivity (CS) using Hiding Heidi low contrast face cards (HH cards) and Ohio Contrast Cards (OCC). Retests were conducted within one month. The mean difference between the PV app and TAC-II was significant (CVI: −0.25 ± 0.40 logMAR, 95 % LoA: −1.03 to 0.53 logMAR; controls: −0.14 ± 0.30 logMAR, 95 % LoA: −0.72 to 0.44 logMAR). The median difference between the HH cards and OCC was also significant (CVI: 0.00 logCS, IQR: 0.25 logCS, 95 % LoA: −0.43 to 0.67 logCS; controls: 0.25 logCS, IQR: 0.00 logCS, 95 % LoA: −0.01 to 0.56 logCS). Intra-examiner repeatability analysis in children with CVI (n = 21) and controls (n = 16) revealed that TAC-II (CR, CVI = 0.47, controls = 0.27) had better repeatability than the PV app (CR, CVI = 0.99, controls = 0.41), while OCC (CR, CVI = 0.45, controls = 0.19) had better repeatability than HH cards (CR, CVI = 0.90, controls = 0.60). TAC-II and OCC demonstrated better repeatability and comparable testability, testing time, and engagement scores for GA and CS tests respectively in children with CVI. Findings indicate that clinical tools should not be used interchangeably, and clinicians must carefully interpret results based on each test’s repeatability indices.

目前缺乏有效的临床工具来测量脑性视觉障碍（CVI）儿童的视觉功能。这项研究解决了这一差距。纳入6个月~ 7岁伴有和不伴有CVI的儿童（CVI, n = 111，平均年龄：3.0±1.9岁；70.2%为男性，n = 50，平均年龄：3.4±1.9岁；38%为男性）。光栅灵敏度（GA）使用Teller acuity cards - ii （TAC-II）和Peekaboo Vision应用程序（PV app）进行评估，对比度灵敏度（CS）使用hidden Heidi低对比度人脸卡（HH cards）和Ohio contrast cards （OCC）进行评估。在一个月内进行了重新测试。PV应用程序和TAC-II之间的平均差异显著（CVI:−0.25±0.40 logMAR, 95% LoA:−1.03至0.53 logMAR；对照组：−0.14±0.30 logMAR, 95% LoA:−0.72至0.44 logMAR）。HH卡和OCC之间的中位数差异也很显著（CVI: 0.00 logCS, IQR: 0.25 logCS, 95% LoA: - 0.43至0.67 logCS；对照组：0.25 logCS, IQR: 0.00 logCS, 95% LoA: - 0.01至0.56 logCS）。对CVI患儿（n = 21）和对照组（n = 16）的重复性分析显示，taci - ii （CR, CVI = 0.47，对照组= 0.27）的重复性优于PV应用程序（CR, CVI = 0.99，对照组= 0.41），OCC （CR, CVI = 0.45，对照组= 0.19）的重复性优于HH卡（CR, CVI = 0.90，对照组= 0.60）。在CVI患儿中，TAC-II和OCC在GA和CS测试中分别表现出更好的可重复性和可比性、测试时间和参与得分。研究结果表明，临床工具不应互换使用，临床医生必须根据每个测试的可重复性指标仔细解释结果。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond night vision: the expanding role of rod photoreceptors in bright light 夜视之外：杆状光感受器在强光下的扩展作用。

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108744

Katja Reinhard , Kate Powell , Matteo Rizzi

According to the standard view, most species including humans possess a “duplex retina”, with a rod system dedicated to low light (night) vision and a cone system dedicated to daylight vision. This separation of photon detection into a rod and cone regime is attributed to the low sensitivity of cones in dim light and saturation of rods in brighter light. However, mounting evidence gained from in vitro and in vivo studies in several species have demonstrated that specific mechanisms enable rod photoreceptors to significantly contribute to vision in bright and even very bright light. In this review we aim to elaborate on this revised framework for the duplex retina, and we propose rods should be considered to be tuned to “low contrast” rather than to “low ambient luminance”. Importantly, saturation of rod photoreceptors at higher light levels has been an assumption in research studies as well as clinical tests, and consideration of an updated role of rod photoreceptors may warrant reinterpretation of past and future results.

根据标准观点，包括人类在内的大多数物种都有一个“双视网膜”，一个杆状系统专门用于弱光（夜间）视觉，一个锥状系统专门用于日光视觉。这种分离的光子探测到一个杆状和锥体制度是由于低灵敏度的锥体在昏暗的光和饱和的杆在明亮的光。然而，在一些物种的体内和体外研究中获得的越来越多的证据表明，特定的机制使杆状光感受器能够在明亮甚至非常明亮的光线下显著地促进视觉。在这篇综述中，我们的目的是详细说明这个修订框架的双视网膜，我们建议杆应该被认为是“低对比度”，而不是“低环境亮度”。重要的是，杆状光感受器在较高光照水平下的饱和一直是研究和临床试验的假设，考虑到杆状光感受器的最新作用可能需要重新解释过去和未来的结果。

引用次数: 0

Effects of stimulus size and contrast on binocular rivalry in adults with anisometropic amblyopia 刺激大小和对比度对成人屈光参差性弱视双眼竞争的影响

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108746

Chuan Hou, Junxian Rao

The amblyopic eye, with reduced visual acuity, has limited ability to compete for perceptual dominance with the non-amblyopic fellow eye during binocular rivalry, likely due to diminished excitatory input or active central foveal suppression. This study investigated whether enhancing the visibility of the amblyopic eye, by increasing stimulus contrast or enlarging stimulus size, could help restore binocular rivalry in adults with anisometropic amblyopia. Using a standard binocular rivalry paradigm, we manipulated the contrast presented to the amblyopic eye and the size of rival stimuli. Results showed that the amblyopic eye exhibited little or no perceptual dominance at smaller stimulus sizes under an equal contrast condition, but dominance increased with larger stimulus sizes and increased contrast, while reducing fellow-eye dominance. However, overall perceptual dominance of the amblyopic eye remained substantially lower than that of the fellow eye and of normal-vision observers, even with enlarged stimuli or high contrast. We found no significant correlation between the fellow-eye dominance bias and the depth of amblyopia, stereoacuity, or interocular suppression in this cohort. Interestingly, individuals with amblyopia showed a much higher proportion of mixed perception compared to normal-vision observers, suggesting qualitatively altered interocular interactions in adults with anisometropic amblyopia. Nevertheless, these findings indicate that increasing the visibility of the amblyopic eye can partially restore its perceptual dominance, offering new insights into the mechanisms of suppression in amblyopia and suggesting potential directions for developing treatment strategies that target binocular vision.

视力下降的弱视眼在双眼竞争中与非弱视眼竞争知觉优势的能力有限，可能是由于兴奋性输入减少或中央中央凹抑制活跃。本研究探讨了通过增加刺激对比度或增大刺激大小来增强弱视眼的可见度是否有助于恢复成人屈光参差性弱视的双眼竞争。使用标准的双眼竞争范式，我们操纵呈现给弱视眼的对比度和竞争刺激的大小。结果表明，在等对比度条件下，弱视眼在较小的刺激尺寸下几乎不表现知觉优势，但随着刺激尺寸的增大和对比度的增大，优势增强，而同眼优势减弱。然而，即使在放大刺激或高对比度的情况下，弱视眼的整体知觉优势仍然明显低于同眼和正常视力的观察者。在这个队列中，我们发现同眼优势偏差与弱视深度、立体视敏度或眼间抑制之间没有显著的相关性。有趣的是，与视力正常的人相比，弱视患者的混合知觉比例要高得多，这表明成人参差性弱视患者的眼间相互作用发生了质的改变。然而，这些发现表明，增加弱视眼的可见度可以部分恢复其知觉优势，为弱视抑制机制提供了新的见解，并为开发针对双目视力的治疗策略提供了潜在的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Balanced spatiotemporal color responses are fine-tuned to natural light spectrum in mice ventral retina 在小鼠腹侧视网膜中，平衡的时空颜色反应对自然光谱进行了微调。

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108743

Tom Quétu , Awen Louboutin , Filippo Castellani , Remi Baroux , Ulisse Ferrari , Matías A. Goldin

Color vision is vital for animal survival, essential for foraging and predator detection. In mice, as in other mammals, color vision originates in the retina, where photoreceptor signals are processed by neural circuits. However, retinal responses to stimuli involving multiple colors are still not well understood. One possible explanation of this knowledge gap is that previous studies have not thoroughly examined how neuronal activity adapts to a 30 s to a few minutes timescale when exposed to multiple color sources. To address this, we systematically varied the UV-to-green light balance with a custom-built stimulator targeting mice opsins spectra while recording retinal ganglion cell responses across the dorso-ventral axis of the retina using multielectrode arrays. Responses to full-field chirp and checkerboard stimulations with alternating UV and green light revealed that more than one order of magnitude of intensity difference favoring green M-opsin over UV S-opsin is needed for a balanced reliability in retinal ganglion cell responses in the ventral retina. An incorrect balance, with slightly increased UV light, silenced responses to green illumination. To determine if these values are consistent with natural conditions, we analyzed isomerisation rates in the mouse retina across different times of the day. We found that the M- to S-opsin activation ratio remains constant through the mesopic-photopic range, and that our empirically determined values in the ventral retina align well with these natural conditions. These lie far from a simple equalization of M- and S-opsin isomerisation rates, which we found only balances ganglion cell responses in the dorsal retina. In conclusion, a finely tuned color intensity balance matching natural light spectrum is essential for accurately measuring both fast temporal responses and detailed spatial receptive fields in the ventral retina.

色觉对动物的生存至关重要，对觅食和发现捕食者至关重要。和其他哺乳动物一样，老鼠的色觉起源于视网膜，视网膜上的感光信号由神经回路处理。然而，视网膜对涉及多种颜色的刺激的反应仍然没有得到很好的理解。对这种知识差距的一种可能解释是，以前的研究并没有彻底研究当暴露于多种颜色源时，神经元活动如何适应30秒到几分钟的时间尺度。为了解决这个问题，我们系统地使用定制的针对小鼠视蛋白光谱的刺激器来改变紫外光与绿光的平衡，同时使用多电极阵列记录视网膜背-腹侧轴的视网膜神经节细胞反应。对紫外和绿光交替的全场啁啾和棋盘刺激的反应表明，在腹侧视网膜神经节细胞反应中，需要一个数量级以上的强度差异，以支持绿色m -视蛋白而不是紫外s -视蛋白。一个不正确的平衡，稍微增加紫外线，沉默的绿色照明的反应。为了确定这些值是否与自然条件一致，我们分析了一天中不同时间小鼠视网膜的异构化率。我们发现M- to - s -视蛋白激活比在中视-光位范围内保持不变，并且我们在腹侧视网膜中确定的经验值与这些自然条件很好地吻合。这些远不是M-和s -视蛋白异构化率的简单均衡，我们发现这只是平衡视网膜背侧神经节细胞的反应。总之，与自然光谱相匹配的色彩强度平衡对于准确测量腹侧视网膜的快速时间反应和详细的空间感受野是必不可少的。

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