Combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and paper spray mass spectrometry for the identification and confirmation of psychotropic substances in alcoholic beverages

IF 1.9 3区 化学 Q3 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Journal of Mass Spectrometry Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI:10.1002/jms.4997
Marina Jurisch, Cristiano Fantini, Rodinei Augusti, Mariana Ramos Almeida
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Abstract

Criminal practices in which an individual becomes vulnerable and prone to sexual assault after ingesting drinks spiked with doping substances have become a social concern globally. As forensic protocols require a multi-tiered strategy for chemical evidentiary analysis, the backlog of evidence has become a significant problem in the community. Herein, a fast, sensible, and complementary dual analytical methodology was developed using a single commercial paper substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) analysis to identify psychotropic substances added to alcoholic beverages irrefutably. To study and investigate this criminal practice, pharmaceutical formulations containing distinct psychotropic substances (zolpidem, clonazepam, diazepam, and ketamine) were added to drinks typically consumed at parties and festivals (Pilsen beer, açaí Catuaba®, gin tonic, and vodka mixed with Coca-Cola Zero®). A simple liquid–liquid extraction with a low-temperature partitioning (LLE-LTP) procedure was applied to the drinks and effectively minimized matrix effects. As a preliminary analysis, SERS spectra combined with Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) provided sufficient information to investigate the samples further. The presence of the protonated species for the psychotropic substances in the spiked drinks was readily verified in the mass spectra and confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. Finally, the results demonstrate the potential of this methodology to be easily implemented into the routine of forensic laboratories and to be further employed at harm reduction tends at parties and festivals to detect contaminated beverages promptly and irrefutably as an efficient tool to prevent such crimes.

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结合表面增强拉曼光谱和纸喷雾质谱法,鉴定和确认酒精饮料中的精神药物。
个人在摄入添加了兴奋剂的饮料后变得脆弱并容易受到性侵犯的犯罪行为已成为全球社会关注的问题。由于法医鉴定规程要求采取多层次的化学证据分析策略,证据积压已成为社会的一个重大问题。在此,我们开发了一种快速、合理和互补的双重分析方法,使用单一的商用纸基底进行表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)和纸喷雾质谱(PS-MS)分析,以无可辩驳地识别添加到酒精饮料中的精神药物。为了研究和调查这种犯罪手法,我们在通常在派对和节日饮用的饮料(比尔森啤酒、阿萨伊卡图巴®、杜松子酒和伏特加混合零度可口可乐®)中添加了含有不同精神药物(唑吡坦、氯硝西泮、地西泮和氯胺酮)的药物制剂。对这些饮料采用了简单的液液萃取和低温分区(LLE-LTP)程序,有效地将基质效应降至最低。作为初步分析,结合层次聚类分析(HCA)的 SERS 光谱为进一步研究样品提供了足够的信息。质谱很容易验证添加饮料中是否存在质子化的精神药物,并通过串联质谱进行了确认。最后,研究结果表明,这种方法可以很容易地应用于法医实验室的日常工作中,并可进一步应用于派对和节日的减低危害活动中,从而及时、无可辩驳地检测出受污染的饮料,作为预防此类犯罪的有效工具。
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来源期刊
Journal of Mass Spectrometry
Journal of Mass Spectrometry 化学-光谱学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
84
审稿时长
1.5 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Mass Spectrometry publishes papers on a broad range of topics of interest to scientists working in both fundamental and applied areas involving the study of gaseous ions. The aim of JMS is to serve the scientific community with information provided and arranged to help senior investigators to better stay abreast of new discoveries and studies in their own field, to make them aware of events and developments in associated fields, and to provide students and newcomers the basic tools with which to learn fundamental and applied aspects of mass spectrometry.
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