Functional benefits of cognitively driven pupil-size changes.

IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-27 DOI:10.1002/wcs.1672
Ana Vilotijević, Sebastiaan Mathôt
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Abstract

Pupil-size changes are typically associated with the pupil light response (PLR), where they are driven by the physical entry of light into the eye. However, pupil-size changes are also influenced by various cognitive processes, where they are driven by higher-level cognition. For example, the strength of the PLR is not solely affected by physical properties of the light but also by cognitive factors, such as whether the source of light is attended or not, which results in an increase or decrease in the strength of the PLR. Surprisingly, although cognitively driven pupil-size changes have been the focus of extensive research, their possible functions are rarely discussed. Here we consider the relative (dis)advantages of small versus large pupils in different situations from a theoretical point of view, and compare these to empirical results showing how pupil size actually changes in these situations. Based on this, we suggest that cognitively driven pupil-size changes optimize vision either through preparation, embodied representations, or a differential emphasis on central or peripheral vision. More generally, we argue that cognitively driven pupil-size changes are a form of sensory tuning: a subtle adjustment of the eyes to optimize vision for the current situation and the immediate future. This article is categorized under: Neuroscience > Cognition Neuroscience > Physiology Neuroscience > Behavior.

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认知驱动的瞳孔大小变化带来的功能性益处。
瞳孔大小的变化通常与瞳孔光反应(PLR)有关,瞳孔光反应是由光线进入眼睛所引起的。然而,瞳孔大小的变化也受各种认知过程的影响,即受高层次认知的驱动。例如,PLR 的强度不仅受光线物理特性的影响,还受认知因素的影响,如光源是否有人注意,这会导致 PLR 强度的增加或减少。令人惊讶的是,尽管认知驱动的瞳孔大小变化一直是广泛研究的焦点,但其可能的功能却很少被讨论。在这里,我们从理论的角度考虑了在不同情况下小瞳孔和大瞳孔的相对(不)优势,并将其与显示瞳孔大小在这些情况下实际变化的经验结果进行了比较。在此基础上,我们认为,认知驱动的瞳孔大小变化可以通过准备、体现或对中心或周边视觉的不同强调来优化视觉。更广泛地说,我们认为认知驱动的瞳孔大小变化是一种感官调谐:眼睛的微妙调节,以优化当前情况和近期未来的视觉。本文归类于神经科学 > 认知 神经科学 > 生理 神经科学 > 行为。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
7.70%
发文量
50
期刊最新文献
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