Risk factors for prolonged grief symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 13.7 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Clinical Psychology Review Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102375

C. Buur , R. Zachariae , K.B. Komischke-Konnerup , M.M. Marello , L.H. Schierff , M. O'Connor

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Abstract

Background

The diagnosis Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) has recently been included in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. To identify individuals who need help coping with grief, knowledge is needed about who is at risk of developing PGD. We, therefore, conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on risk factors for prolonged grief symptoms (PGS).

Methods

Based on a literature search in PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL, we included the most frequently investigated risk factors in a meta-analysis. The effect size correlation was used as the standardized measure of the strength of the association between the risk factor and PGS.

Results

Based on 120 studies of 61.580 participants published between 1989 and 2023, 19 risk factors were included in the meta-analysis. For the adjusted associations, the strongest associations with PGS were pre-loss grief symptoms (ESr = 0.39, 95%CI[0.24–0.53]) and depression (ESr = 0.30, 95%CI[0.13–0.44]). Small, but statistically significant associations were observed for unexpected death, violent/unnatural death, low educational level, low income, female gender, anxious attachment style, and death of a child or partner.

Conclusions

An updated overview of risk factors for PGS is presented, including their predictive strength. The results offer knowledge that can aid prevention and early identification of people at risk of PGD.

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长期悲伤症状的风险因素系统回顾和荟萃分析

背景长期悲伤障碍（PGD）的诊断最近已被纳入 ICD-11 和 DSM-5-TR。为了确定哪些人需要帮助来应对悲伤，我们需要了解哪些人有可能患上 PGD。因此，我们对有关长期悲伤症状（PGS）风险因素的现有文献进行了全面的系统回顾和荟萃分析。方法基于在 PsycInfo、PubMed、Web of Science 和 CINAHL 中的文献检索，我们将最常调查的风险因素纳入荟萃分析。结果基于 1989 年至 2023 年间发表的 120 项研究（涉及 61580 名参与者），19 个风险因素被纳入荟萃分析。在调整后的关联中，与 PGS 关联最强的是失恋前悲伤症状（ESr = 0.39，95%CI[0.24-0.53]）和抑郁（ESr = 0.30，95%CI[0.13-0.44]）。意外死亡、暴力/非正常死亡、低教育水平、低收入、女性性别、焦虑依恋风格以及子女或伴侣死亡的相关性较小，但具有统计学意义。结果提供了有助于预防和早期识别 PGD 风险人群的知识。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Psychology Review PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL-

CiteScore

23.10

自引率

1.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： Clinical Psychology Review serves as a platform for substantial reviews addressing pertinent topics in clinical psychology. Encompassing a spectrum of issues, from psychopathology to behavior therapy, cognition to cognitive therapies, behavioral medicine to community mental health, assessment, and child development, the journal seeks cutting-edge papers that significantly contribute to advancing the science and/or practice of clinical psychology. While maintaining a primary focus on topics directly related to clinical psychology, the journal occasionally features reviews on psychophysiology, learning therapy, experimental psychopathology, and social psychology, provided they demonstrate a clear connection to research or practice in clinical psychology. Integrative literature reviews and summaries of innovative ongoing clinical research programs find a place within its pages. However, reports on individual research studies and theoretical treatises or clinical guides lacking an empirical base are deemed inappropriate for publication.