Brain size scaling through development in the whitelined sphinx moth (Hyles lineata) shows mass and cell number comparable to flies, bees, and wasps

IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.asd.2023.101329
Isabel C. Aksamit , Felipe Dorigão-Guimarães , Wulfila Gronenberg , R. Keating Godfrey
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Abstract

Factors regulating larval growth and determinants of adult body size are described for several holometabolous insects, but less is known about brain size scaling through development. Here we use the isotropic fractionation (“brain soup”) method to estimate the number of brain cells and cell density for the whitelined sphinx moth (Lepidoptera: Hyles lineata) from the first instar through the adult stage. We measure mass and brain cell number and find that, during the larval stages, body mass shows an exponential relationship with head width, while the total number of brain cells increases asymptotically. Larval brain cell number increases by a factor of ten from nearly 8000 in the first instar to over 80,000 in the fifth instar. Brain cell number increases by another factor of 10 during metamorphosis, with the adult brain containing more than 900,000 cells. This is similar to increases during development in the vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). The adult brain falls slightly below the brain-to-body allometry for wasps and bees but is comparable in the number of cells per unit brain mass, indicating a general conservation of brain cell density across these divergent lineages.

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白纹狮身蛾(Hyles lineata)的大脑大小在发育过程中不断扩大,其质量和细胞数量与苍蝇、蜜蜂和黄蜂相当。
对几种全代谢昆虫的幼虫生长调节因素和成虫体型决定因素进行了描述,但对发育过程中脑部大小的比例却知之甚少。在这里,我们使用各向同性分馏("脑汤")方法估算了白线狮蛾(鳞翅目:Hyles lineata)从初生到成虫阶段的脑细胞数量和细胞密度。我们测量了体质量和脑细胞数量,发现在幼虫阶段,体质量与头宽呈指数关系,而脑细胞总数呈渐进增加。幼虫的脑细胞数量增加了十倍,从第一龄期的近 8000 个增加到第五龄期的 80 000 多个。在变态过程中,脑细胞数量又增加了 10 倍,成虫大脑中的脑细胞数量超过 900 000 个。这与醋蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)和黑兵蝇(Hermetia illucens)发育过程中脑细胞数量的增加相似。成虫的大脑略低于黄蜂和蜜蜂的脑-体异构体,但在单位脑质量的细胞数量上却不相上下,这表明在这些不同的品系中,脑细胞密度普遍保持不变。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
54
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Arthropod Structure & Development is a Journal of Arthropod Structural Biology, Development, and Functional Morphology; it considers manuscripts that deal with micro- and neuroanatomy, development, biomechanics, organogenesis in particular under comparative and evolutionary aspects but not merely taxonomic papers. The aim of the journal is to publish papers in the areas of functional and comparative anatomy and development, with an emphasis on the role of cellular organization in organ function. The journal will also publish papers on organogenisis, embryonic and postembryonic development, and organ or tissue regeneration and repair. Manuscripts dealing with comparative and evolutionary aspects of microanatomy and development are encouraged.
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