Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101474
Letícia A. de Oliveira , Lucas F. Leitão , Paulo C. Reis-Venâncio , Régis F. Souza , Marcel G. Hermes
Representative morphological studies for Eumeninae wasps are scarce. Thereby, the present study aimed to describe and compare the head and mouthparts of the species of the genus Minixi, proposing potential characters for phylogenetic analyzes for the subfamily and a new clearing protocol adapted for morphologically similar groups. Descriptions of the morphology of the anterior and posterior regions of the head, mouthparts, as well as the proposition of new morphological terms, are presented as results. The morphological characteristics presented and discussed in this research have potential use in Eumeninae systematics. This study also presents a standardization of morphological terminology for the head and mouthparts structures of eumenine wasps.
{"title":"Descriptive and comparative morphology of the head and mouthparts of the species of Minixi Giordani Soika (1978) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)","authors":"Letícia A. de Oliveira , Lucas F. Leitão , Paulo C. Reis-Venâncio , Régis F. Souza , Marcel G. Hermes","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Representative morphological studies for Eumeninae wasps are scarce. Thereby, the present study aimed to describe and compare the head and mouthparts of the species of the genus <em>Minixi</em>, proposing potential characters for phylogenetic analyzes for the subfamily and a new clearing protocol adapted for morphologically similar groups. Descriptions of the morphology of the anterior and posterior regions of the head, mouthparts, as well as the proposition of new morphological terms, are presented as results. The morphological characteristics presented and discussed in this research have potential use in Eumeninae systematics. This study also presents a standardization of morphological terminology for the head and mouthparts structures of eumenine wasps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 101474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101505
Olga G. Ovtshinnikova , Vera S. Sorokina
Views on the position of the monophyletic genus Lispe Latreille, 1797 in the Muscidae are contradictory; it has been assigned to its own subfamily, as the sister-group to the remaining Limnophorini of the subfamily Coenosiinae, and as a tribe of the Coenosiinae. The abdominal, pregenital and genital sclerites and musculature were studied in males of Lispe flavinervis Becker, 1904, Lispe barbipes Stein, 1908, Lispe nivalis Wiedemann, 1830 and Lispe tentaculata (De Geer, 1776). The symmetry of the terminalia, significant reductions of the sclerites and musculature were observed. The pregenital sclerites fuse into syntergosternite VI + VII + VIII in most studied species of Lispe, but in L. tentaculata they fuse into syntergosternite VI + VII + VIII + IX. The terminalia of L. flavinervis is considered closest to the groundplan of the genus rather than Lispe pygmaea Fallén, 1825. The differences in the sclerites and muscles of the terminalia in the genera Lispe, Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 and Spilogona Schnabl, 1911 exceed the level of differences between different tribes of other subfamilies of the Muscidae. The revealed apomorphic state of characters of the male terminalia skeleton and musculature of Lispe allows us to rank the genus at least as a distinct tribe, and quite possibly as a separate subfamily within Muscidae.
关于单系属Lispe Latreille， 1797在蝇科中的地位的观点是矛盾的；作为Coenosiinae亚科中剩余的Limnophorini的姐妹群，它被分配到自己的亚科中，并作为Coenosiinae的一个部落。研究了雄性黄斑蝽（Lispe flavinervis Becker, 1904）、barbipes Stein（1908）、nivalis Wiedemann（1830）和tentaculata （De Geer, 1776）的腹部、生殖道前和生殖道硬膜和肌肉组织。末梢对称，巩膜和肌肉组织明显减少。在大多数被研究的Lispe物种中，生殖前巩膜融合成syntergosternite VI + VII + VIII，但在L. tentaculata中，它们融合成syntergosternite VI + VII + VIII + IX。L. flavinervis的终梢被认为最接近该属的地平面，而不是Lispe pygmaea fall, 1825。Lispe属、Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy属（1830）和Spilogona Schnabl属（1911）的终末肌和硬膜的差异超过了Muscidae其他亚科不同部落之间的差异。Lispe的雄性末端骨骼和肌肉组织的特征显示出的同形状态使我们至少可以将该属列为一个独特的部落，并且很可能是Muscidae中一个单独的亚科。
{"title":"Fresh approach to the position of the genus Lispe Latreille in the family Muscidae (Diptera) based on the structure of pregenital and genital sclerites and the musculature of the male terminalia","authors":"Olga G. Ovtshinnikova , Vera S. Sorokina","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Views on the position of the monophyletic genus <em>Lispe</em> Latreille, 1797 in the Muscidae are contradictory; it has been assigned to its own subfamily, as the sister-group to the remaining Limnophorini of the subfamily Coenosiinae, and as a tribe of the Coenosiinae. The abdominal, pregenital and genital sclerites and musculature were studied in males of <em>Lispe flavinervis</em> Becker, 1904, <em>Lispe barbipes</em> Stein, 1908, <em>Lispe nivalis</em> Wiedemann, 1830 and <em>Lispe tentaculata</em> (De Geer, 1776). The symmetry of the terminalia, significant reductions of the sclerites and musculature were observed. The pregenital sclerites fuse into syntergosternite VI + VII + VIII in most studied species of <em>Lispe</em>, but in <em>L</em>. <em>tentaculata</em> they fuse into syntergosternite VI + VII + VIII + IX. The terminalia of <em>L</em>. <em>flavinervis</em> is considered closest to the groundplan of the genus rather than <em>Lispe pygmaea</em> Fallén, 1825. The differences in the sclerites and muscles of the terminalia in the genera <em>Lispe</em>, <em>Limnophora</em> Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 and <em>Spilogona</em> Schnabl, 1911 exceed the level of differences between different tribes of other subfamilies of the Muscidae. The revealed apomorphic state of characters of the male terminalia skeleton and musculature of <em>Lispe</em> allows us to rank the genus at least as a distinct tribe, and quite possibly as a separate subfamily within Muscidae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 101505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101495
Sunjie Chen , Shaohua Dong , Congnan Cen , Kai Sun , Xiaoping Yu
Hox genes encode a group of highly conserved transcription factors that play crucial roles in determine regional identity along the anterior-posterior axis in insects. Early studies identified Hox genes as spatially restricted regulators responsible for the proper development of insect body segments and appendages. Over the past two decades, investigations across a wide range of insect species have further demonstrated that Hox genes also regulate the development of distinct specialized structures and contribute to the formation of the nervous system. Substantial evidence suggests that Hox genes not only preserve the fundamental body plan but also contribute to the evolutionary diversification of morphology in insects. This review summarizes the research to date on Hox genes in insects, including their genomic organization, expression patterns, regulatory mechanisms, and functional roles, and highlights their significance in the morphological evolution of insects.
{"title":"Role of Hox genes in insect development and evolution","authors":"Sunjie Chen , Shaohua Dong , Congnan Cen , Kai Sun , Xiaoping Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hox genes encode a group of highly conserved transcription factors that play crucial roles in determine regional identity along the anterior-posterior axis in insects. Early studies identified Hox genes as spatially restricted regulators responsible for the proper development of insect body segments and appendages. Over the past two decades, investigations across a wide range of insect species have further demonstrated that Hox genes also regulate the development of distinct specialized structures and contribute to the formation of the nervous system. Substantial evidence suggests that Hox genes not only preserve the fundamental body plan but also contribute to the evolutionary diversification of morphology in insects. This review summarizes the research to date on Hox genes in insects, including their genomic organization, expression patterns, regulatory mechanisms, and functional roles, and highlights their significance in the morphological evolution of insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 101495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101494
Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow , Steffen Harzsch
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on “Bioluminescence in Arthropods”","authors":"Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow , Steffen Harzsch","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 101494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101492
Chu Wang , Fu-Ya Chung , Chung-Chi Lin , Johan Billen
The male subgenital plate gland was discovered by Janet in 1902, but has never been described in detail. We studied this gland in Solenopsis geminata and Solenopsis invicta using light and electron microscopy and are able to show the original section image of Janet. The unpaired gland is very large and occurs underneath the subgenital plate (= sternite 9). It is made up by over 1500 spherical to polygonal class-3 secretory cells of which the accompanying duct cells open through the ventral part of the genital chamber. Ultrastructural examination does not allow to speculate on the nature of the secretion and the gland function, although its prominent size should indicate an important role in the reproductive biology of fire ant males. We also screened serial sections through the paired valves of the external male genitalia (gonopods, volsella and penites) in search for gland cells, but did not find any exocrine tissue.
{"title":"Morphology of the subgenital plate gland in Solenopsis males (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)","authors":"Chu Wang , Fu-Ya Chung , Chung-Chi Lin , Johan Billen","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The male subgenital plate gland was discovered by Janet in 1902, but has never been described in detail. We studied this gland in <em>Solenopsis geminata</em> and <em>Solenopsis invicta</em> using light and electron microscopy and are able to show the original section image of Janet. The unpaired gland is very large and occurs underneath the subgenital plate (= sternite 9). It is made up by over 1500 spherical to polygonal class-3 secretory cells of which the accompanying duct cells open through the ventral part of the genital chamber. Ultrastructural examination does not allow to speculate on the nature of the secretion and the gland function, although its prominent size should indicate an important role in the reproductive biology of fire ant males. We also screened serial sections through the paired valves of the external male genitalia (gonopods, volsella and penites) in search for gland cells, but did not find any exocrine tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 101492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145395349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insect egg glue plays a crucial role in adhering eggs together and to the substrate, thus providing them protection and stability. In most insect species, the glue is secreted by the accessory glands in the female reproductive tract, known as ‘colleterial glands’. However, in Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), these glands are absent, leaving its production site unclear. Through light microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), a distinct glue layer was identified between the follicular cells and the mature eggs in the vitellarium region, extending to the pedicel region of the ovariole. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that follicular cells contained numerous glue-filled vesicles, indicating that they actively secrete the egg glue via microvilli. During oviposition, the barrel-shaped eggs are laid in clutches with glue at their bottom and lateral sides. The glue subsequently hardens to form a cement-like layer that secures the eggs to the substrate. This glue adapts to the surface, faithfully replicating its features. N. viridula eggs show chorion decorations with conical projections and aero-micropylar processes along the circumference of the operculum. Mushroom-shaped structures are present around the aero-micropylar processes, making this area unwettable. The aero-micropylar processes vary in number and have porous texture with the opening for sperm entry in the apical part. This study, together with further investigations aiming to characterize the mechanical and chemical properties of the egg glue of N. viridula, enhances our understanding of the reproductive biology of this harmful insect and can have practical implications for pest control strategies and innovations in materials science.
{"title":"Egg glue secretion and chorion morphology of the Southern Green Stinkbug Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)","authors":"Asmita Baral , Silvana Piersanti , Gianandrea Salerno , Stanislav Gorb , Manuela Rebora","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect egg glue plays a crucial role in adhering eggs together and to the substrate, thus providing them protection and stability. In most insect species, the glue is secreted by the accessory glands in the female reproductive tract, known as ‘colleterial glands’. However, in <em>Nezara viridula</em> L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), these glands are absent, leaving its production site unclear. Through light microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), a distinct glue layer was identified between the follicular cells and the mature eggs in the vitellarium region, extending to the pedicel region of the ovariole. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that follicular cells contained numerous glue-filled vesicles, indicating that they actively secrete the egg glue via microvilli. During oviposition, the barrel-shaped eggs are laid in clutches with glue at their bottom and lateral sides. The glue subsequently hardens to form a cement-like layer that secures the eggs to the substrate. This glue adapts to the surface, faithfully replicating its features. <em>N. viridula</em> eggs show chorion decorations with conical projections and aero-micropylar processes along the circumference of the operculum. Mushroom-shaped structures are present around the aero-micropylar processes, making this area unwettable. The aero-micropylar processes vary in number and have porous texture with the opening for sperm entry in the apical part. This study, together with further investigations aiming to characterize the mechanical and chemical properties of the egg glue of <em>N. viridula,</em> enhances our understanding of the reproductive biology of this harmful insect and can have practical implications for pest control strategies and innovations in materials science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 101493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101490
Brendon E. Boudinot , Rolf G. Beutel , Michael Weingardt , Thomas van de Kamp , Jörg U. Hammel , Di Li , Adrian Richter , Benjamin Wipfler
The organization of the hexapod head remains a cornerstone problem in arthropod systematics, central to segmental homology, character definition, higher-level phylogeny, and functional and evolutionary morphology. Recently, Nel et al. (2025) proposed an alternative interpretation of insect head segmentation that departs markedly from established anatomical and comparative frameworks. We evaluate the internal consistency and external coherence of that hypothesis using their model groups, broader taxonomic samples, prior studies (including crustaceomorph Pancrustacea) and our own investigations. We identify multiple implausible anatomical interpretations and logical contradictions in their reconstruction. Our reanalysis, supported by microtomographic imaging (μ- and SR-μ-CT), shows that the proposed revision lacks empirical foundation (e.g. Psocodea), does not meet its own definitions (e.g. Neuropteroidea), misidentifies homologs (e.g. Coleoptera, Formicidae), and is unsupported by fossil or developmental evidence. Consequently, the new theory yields unreliable homology statements and obscures groundplan conditions and character polarities of the hexapod head. We therefore reject the hypothesis that “intercalate” and “promandible” sclerites existed in the groundplan of Hexapoda, and the assumed plesiomorphy of dicondyly. Our findings clarify relationships among major head sclerites, endoskeletal elements, and the head capsule's strengthening ridges, underscoring the need for comprehensive anatomy, broad sampling, and logical rigor in resolving arthropod head evolution.
{"title":"The insect head rewound: Clarifications to the groundplan of Hexapoda (Pancrustacea)","authors":"Brendon E. Boudinot , Rolf G. Beutel , Michael Weingardt , Thomas van de Kamp , Jörg U. Hammel , Di Li , Adrian Richter , Benjamin Wipfler","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The organization of the hexapod head remains a cornerstone problem in arthropod systematics, central to segmental homology, character definition, higher-level phylogeny, and functional and evolutionary morphology. Recently, Nel et al. (2025) proposed an alternative interpretation of insect head segmentation that departs markedly from established anatomical and comparative frameworks. We evaluate the internal consistency and external coherence of that hypothesis using their model groups, broader taxonomic samples, prior studies (including crustaceomorph Pancrustacea) and our own investigations. We identify multiple implausible anatomical interpretations and logical contradictions in their reconstruction. Our reanalysis, supported by microtomographic imaging (μ- and SR-μ-CT), shows that the proposed revision lacks empirical foundation (<em>e.g.</em> Psocodea), does not meet its own definitions (<em>e.g.</em> Neuropteroidea), misidentifies homologs (<em>e.g.</em> Coleoptera, Formicidae), and is unsupported by fossil or developmental evidence. Consequently, the new theory yields unreliable homology statements and obscures groundplan conditions and character polarities of the hexapod head. We therefore reject the hypothesis that “intercalate” and “promandible” sclerites existed in the groundplan of Hexapoda, and the assumed plesiomorphy of dicondyly. Our findings clarify relationships among major head sclerites, endoskeletal elements, and the head capsule's strengthening ridges, underscoring the need for comprehensive anatomy, broad sampling, and logical rigor in resolving arthropod head evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 101490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101487
Andrijana Andrić , Andrea Aracil , Ruslan Mishustin , Grigory Popov , Santos Rojo , Snežana Radenković , Ante Vujić , Celeste Pérez-Bañón
The immature stages of hoverfly genus Merodon Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) are mostly understudied, with only about 6 % of species currently having published larva and/or puparium descriptions. The available information on breeding and oviposition sites and host-plants of these phytophagous larvae is also very limited. The aim of the present study is to expand upon this knowledge by introducing the first data on preimaginal stages of Merodon mishustini Popov, 2020 (belonging to the M. constans species group, M. albifrons lineage) reared from the bulbs of Galanthus spp. (Amaryllidaceae) in Turkey. The morphology of larvae and puparia is analyzed using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope and detailed illustrated descriptions of the main characters are presented. Variability within the species group and lineage, as well as the importance of the potential diagnostic characters as taxonomic tools for delimitation within the genus are discussed. The present study confirms the need for both more Merodon species and more specimens in different developmental stages to be examined and compared in order to arrive at better supported conclusions.
{"title":"New data on the morphology of the immature stages of Merodon mishustini as a contribution to the knowledge of the genus Merodon Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae)","authors":"Andrijana Andrić , Andrea Aracil , Ruslan Mishustin , Grigory Popov , Santos Rojo , Snežana Radenković , Ante Vujić , Celeste Pérez-Bañón","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The immature stages of hoverfly genus <em>Merodon</em> Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) are mostly understudied, with only about 6 % of species currently having published larva and/or puparium descriptions. The available information on breeding and oviposition sites and host-plants of these phytophagous larvae is also very limited. The aim of the present study is to expand upon this knowledge by introducing the first data on preimaginal stages of <em>Merodon mishustini</em> Popov, 2020 (belonging to the <em>M. constans</em> species group, <em>M. albifrons</em> lineage) reared from the bulbs of <em>Galanthus</em> spp. (Amaryllidaceae) in Turkey. The morphology of larvae and puparia is analyzed using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope and detailed illustrated descriptions of the main characters are presented. Variability within the species group and lineage, as well as the importance of the potential diagnostic characters as taxonomic tools for delimitation within the genus are discussed. The present study confirms the need for both more <em>Merodon</em> species and more specimens in different developmental stages to be examined and compared in order to arrive at better supported conclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 101487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145467024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101491
Giuseppe Camerini
This paper reports the results of field observations on the biology and behavior of the firefly Luciola pedemontana (Coleoptera Lampyridae). Sexual communication in L. pedemontana is based on flashing signals emitted by males, which actively fly in search of flightless females. The research aimed to assess the phenology of the reproductive season and the diurnal rhythms of male courtship flights, as well as the synchronisation of these flights with the photoperiod. The research was carried out (years 2003, 2004, 2009 and 2014) in a study area located in the Italian Apennines (Northern Italy - 314 m above sea level). Following the start of the reproductive season, the number of flying males was measured weekly. Males were counted while walking at a normal pace along a transect. The number of flying males was recorded every 30 min from 10 pm to midnight, as well as the time of their first appearance. Illuminance at dusk was measured using a lux meter. Courtship activity was observed in June and July. The maximum number of flying males engaged in courtship was recorded around mid-June. Males started flying on average 32.75 min after sunset, when illuminance dropped below 0.2 lux. Male flight peaked in the early part of the night (10.00 pm/11.00 pm), then a decline was observed and male flight ceased after midnight. The duration of the interflash interval was found to be inversely proportional to air temperature.
{"title":"Corrigendum to: “Observations on Luciola pedemontana (Coleoptera Lampyridae) male courtship” [Arthropod Struct. Develop. 86 (2025) 101426]","authors":"Giuseppe Camerini","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reports the results of field observations on the biology and behavior of the firefly <em>Luciola pedemontana</em> (Coleoptera Lampyridae). Sexual communication in <em>L. pedemontana</em> is based on flashing signals emitted by males, which actively fly in search of flightless females. The research aimed to assess the phenology of the reproductive season and the diurnal rhythms of male courtship flights, as well as the synchronisation of these flights with the photoperiod. The research was carried out (years 2003, 2004, 2009 and 2014) in a study area located in the Italian Apennines (Northern Italy - 314 m above sea level). Following the start of the reproductive season, the number of flying males was measured weekly. Males were counted while walking at a normal pace along a transect. The number of flying males was recorded every 30 min from 10 pm to midnight, as well as the time of their first appearance. Illuminance at dusk was measured using a lux meter. Courtship activity was observed in June and July. The maximum number of flying males engaged in courtship was recorded around mid-June. Males started flying on average 32.75 min after sunset, when illuminance dropped below 0.2 lux. Male flight peaked in the early part of the night (10.00 pm/11.00 pm), then a decline was observed and male flight ceased after midnight. The duration of the interflash interval was found to be inversely proportional to air temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 101491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101478
Sebastian Büsse
Odonata comprises Anisoptera (dragonflies), Zygoptera (damselflies), and Epiophlebia, with Anisoptera and Epiophlebia forming the clade Epiprocta. Anisoptera exhibits robust bodies, dissimilar wing pairs, and eyes that may touch, while Zygoptera has slender bodies, uniform wings, and separated eyes; Epiophlebia, however, combines features of both, reflecting likely an ancestral condition. Detailed studies of odonatan thoracic musculature reveal differences between life stages and taxa, highlighting adaptations to larval aquatic and adult aerial lifestyles.
This study revisited the thorax anatomy of Epiophlebia superstes to fill gaps in knowledge. High-resolution X-ray tomography was used to analyse, revealing 58 thoracic muscles: 17 in the prothorax, 20 in the mesothorax, and 21 in the metathorax. Comparison with previous studies confirmed the most known muscles, identified five new ones, and corrected earlier misinterpretations. Differences in muscle configurations among Odonata larvae and adults reflect their distinct ecological niches. Larvae generally possess more muscles, likely supporting their swimming and substrate-clinging activities. The generalised thorax model compiled findings from prior and current studies, simplifying the anatomy for comparative analysis with other insect groups. By enhancing understanding of Odonata thoracic anatomy, this research provides insights into the evolution of the insect flight apparatus, bridging knowledge gaps and aiding broader comparative studies.
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