Arthropod Structure & Development最新文献

英文中文

Glomerular organization of the antennal lobe in the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1770)

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY

Arthropod Structure & Development

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101422

Ying Lu , Yi Yang , Lu-Yao Yu , Hong-Bo Jin , Bing-Zhong Ren , Qi Chen

The fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), a typical destructive invasive pest, has caused substantial damage to both the ecological environment and economy in China. H. cunea uses primarily its antennae to locate food and perceive pheromones through stimulation of olfactory receptor neurons. These receptor neurons project their axons into glomeruli within the antennal lobes, the primary olfactory center in the brain. The projection patterns of sensory antennal neurons into the antennal lobe and its precise structure have not been described so far. To decipher the primary organization behind olfactory recognition in H. cunea, this study employed synaptic antibody immunostaining, as well as mass staining of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), and computer-based reconstruction to establish a three-dimensional olfactory glomerular map of the moth's antennal lobes. A total of 74 male and 81 female antennal lobe glomeruli were identified, including 3 male-specific glomeruli (Macroglomerular complex, MGC) and 8 female-specific glomeruli (DL1-DL8). While the Cumulus (Cu) volume was largest in MGC, the differences in volume among dorsomedial anterior and dorsomedial posterior were minimal. These findings lay the groundwork for a better understanding of the olfactory anatomical organization in H. cunea.

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引用次数: 0

The first detailed morphological treatment of a Cretaceous psocid and the character evolution of Trogiomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea)

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY

Arthropod Structure & Development

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101409

Michael Weingardt , Feiyang Liang , Brendon E. Boudinot , Jörg U. Hammel , Bernhard L. Bock , Kazunori Yoshizawa , Rolf G. Beutel

While new fossil psocid taxa are described every year, the morphology is generally not studied and documented in sufficient detail, limiting our understanding of the character evolution in this order. A new fossil species of the genus Psyllipsocus from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber is described and its morphology reconstructed in detail using synchrotron-radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-μ-CT). We present the first cybertype of a Cretaceous fossil psocid. We also describe and discuss the putative evolution of previously unrecognized and underestimated exoskeletal characters for the suborder Trogiomorpha. Additionally, using our new observations, we critically evaluate the phylogeny of Trogiomorpha and the character evolution in this group. We also present a modified character matrix which we analyze using Bayesian inference and parsimony. Based on our results and previous studies we propose monophyletic Trogiomorpha s.l. (incl. †Brachyantennum) and Trogiomorpha s. str. (possibly incl. †Cormopsocidae), the latter comprising Prionoglarididae and monophyletic Spinaprocta. Spinaprocta contain Atropetae and Psyllipsocetae (incl. Psyllipsocus) as sister taxa. Some relationships on the genus level in Trogiomorpha are still strongly disputed and unclear. Here, we synonymize the extinct monotypic genus †Khatangia with Psyllipsocus and discuss the systematic position of †Sinopsyllipsocus, †Parapsyllipsocus, †Empheriopsis and †Concavapsocus. A key for all extinct species of Psyllipsocidae is provided.

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引用次数: 0

Postembryonic development and morphological variations of larval instars in the scorpionfly Panorpa liui Hua (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY

Arthropod Structure & Development

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101414

Yue-Ling Wu, He-Hong Wang, Le-Le He, Bao-Zhen Hua

The larva is the feeding and growing stage of holometabolous insects that undergo complete metamorphosis. However, morphological variations among instars remain largely unknown for many insect groups, especially for the relict Mecoptera. Here, morphological variations among instars for the scorpionfly Panorpa liui Hua were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the first instar is distinguishable from the following instars by the presence of an egg burster in a brown patch on the frons. The second instar can be separated from the following instars by the cranial suture 2/5 rather than 1/2 as long as the head. The third instar is differentiated from the fourth instar by the annulated setae with microtricia rather than bald on the basal part. These results may provide new data for instar identification of Panorpidae larvae.

引用次数: 0

Editorial 2025

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY

Arthropod Structure & Development

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101412

Gerhard Scholtz, Steffen Harzsch

引用次数: 0

Form-function relationships of the compound eyes and sensory sensilla of a tiny arboreal hemipteran herbivore: Adaptations for close encounters with leaves

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY

Arthropod Structure & Development

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101407

Reza Tanha , Jan M. Hemmi , Anna–Lee Jessop , Alan T. Marshall , Richard A. Peters , Martin J. Steinbauer

Herbivorous insects experience diverse plant stimuli, the relative influence of which depends upon the scale of the interface between both organisms and the insect’s life history. Using microCT and SEM, we conducted a whole insect study of the sensory structures of Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Psylloidea; commonly called psyllids or jumping plant lice) to understand this tiny insect’s utilisation of the leaves of their tree hosts – especially to reconcile rapid host assessment versus protracted, sinuous searching behaviours. Each compound eye comprises 360 ommatidia of relatively uniform density and facet diameter indicating limited spatial resolution and sensitivity. The areas of highest relative sampling resolution are not directed ventrally towards the surface of leaves but laterally and dorsally. There is a high abundance of chemo- and mechanosensory sensilla on the genal cones (216–240) and fewer on the terminalia (120–150), i.e. body parts regularly in contact with leaf surfaces. There are even fewer such sensilla on the basitarsi (10–16) and only putative olfactory sensilla on the antennae. Leaf surface conformation probably guides females to veins while contact chemoreception likely stimulates probing; the number of eggs deposited is likely determined by the flow and quality of nutrients experienced during feeding. For this psyllid, vision aids movements among leaves and relocation of hosts if dislodged by wind or escaping predators. Walking, as opposed to flying, maintains continuity of exposure to plant stimuli essential to maximising reproductive success. Such a life history is possible on large, evergreen hosts and is facilitated by rapid accept/reject discrimination of ingesta.

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引用次数: 0

Evidence for the independent evolution of a rectal complex within the beetle superfamily Scarabaeoidea 甲虫超科甲虫总科中直肠复合体独立进化的证据。

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY

Arthropod Structure & Development

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101406

Robin Beaven , Barry Denholm , Maria Fremlin , Davide Scaccini

Rectal or cryptonephridial complexes have evolved repeatedly in arthropods, including in beetles where they occur in ∼190,000 species of Cucujiformia + Bostrichoidea, and Lepidoptera where they occur in ∼160,000 species. Sections of the Malpighian/renal tubules coat the outer surface of the rectum, acting as powerful recycling systems of the gut contents, recovering water and specific solutes. There are hints that a rectal complex evolved independently within another beetle group, Scarabaeoidea. Here we report our observations of rectal complexes in Scarabaeoidea, which support this view. We did not find a rectal complex in the related group, Staphylinoidea, or in Lucanidae, a basal group of Scarabaeoidea. We did observe rectal complexes in Melolontha melolontha (Melolonthini), Pachnoda marginata and Cetonia aurata (Cetoniinae), consistent with previous reports from these groups. Intriguingly we found that rectal complexes occur in adult, but not M. melolontha larvae, and larvae but not adults within Cetoniinae, indicating dramatic pupal remodelling of these organ systems. Insights into the structure of the rectal complexes of Scarabaeoidea are compared with the well-studied rectal complexes of Cucujiformia. Finally, we discuss possible functions of the rectal complexes of beetles within Scarabaeoidea, and future approaches to address this question.

直肠或隐肾复合体在节肢动物中反复进化，包括在Cucujiformia + Bostrichoidea的~ 190,000种甲虫中出现，以及鳞翅目的~ 160,000种中出现。马氏小管/肾小管的部分覆盖在直肠的外表面，作为肠道内容物的强大循环系统，回收水和特定溶质。有迹象表明，直肠复合体是在另一种甲虫群——圣甲虫科中独立进化出来的。在这里，我们报告我们的观察直肠复合体在金龟子，这支持这一观点。我们没有发现直肠复合体在相关组，葡萄球菌总科，或在Lucanidae，金龟子总科的基础组。我们确实观察到了Melolontha Melolontha (Melolonthini)， Pachnoda marginata和Cetonia aurata （cetoniae）的直肠复合物，与这些群体的先前报道一致。有趣的是，我们发现直肠复合体出现在成虫身上，而没有出现在melolontha幼虫身上，而在蜜蜂科幼虫身上没有出现，这表明这些器官系统在蛹中发生了戏剧性的重塑。对Scarabaeoidea的直肠复合体的结构的见解与Cucujiformia的直肠复合体进行了比较。最后，我们讨论了甲虫直肠复合体在金龟子总科中的可能功能，以及未来解决这个问题的方法。

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引用次数: 0

It's ‘claw’-some: Ontogenetic claw shape changes in mites (Acari, Oribatida) as a consequence of ecological shifts 它的 "爪 "很美：螨虫（螨类，Oribatida）在个体发育过程中的爪形变化是生态变化的结果。

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY

Arthropod Structure & Development

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101405

Tobias Pfingstl, Michaela Kerschbaumer

Claw characteristics of oribatid mites are strongly correlated with environmental factors and these characters remain constant throughout development when immatures and adults share the same ecology and lifestyle. In the present study, claw traits of oribatid mite species with constant ecology were compared with those of species showing a clear ecological shift between juvenile and adult stage. The arboreal Sellnickia caudata and the saxicolous Niphocepheus nivalis dwell in the same microhabitat during their life-cycle, whereas immatures of the terrestrial Carabodes areolatus and Mycobates carli, as well as of the aquatic Hydrozetes lemnae, are, in contrast to their adults, endophagous, meaning they feed and burrow within lichen and plant tissue. We performed a geometric morphometric investigation of their claws and could reveal significant differences in the claw shapes of immatures and adults of all species, except for N. nivalis. Claws of the endophagous juveniles of C. areolatus, M. carli and H. lemnae are generally sharper and higher than those of their adult counterparts. The burrowing lifestyle of the immatures apparently necessitates such specific claw morphologies. Despite having a constant ecology, the arboreal S. caudata also shows distinct differences between immature and adult claw traits, with juveniles possessing stronger curved and sharper claws. But immature stages also possess an additional tarsal adhesive pad which lacks in the adult stage. The presence or absence of this additional adhesive pad apparently requires changes in claw morphology to allow firm attachment on diverse plant surfaces. The present results demonstrate that claw characteristic can change during the development depending on the given ecological factors faced by each developmental stage and depending on the presence of additional attachment devices.

甲脚螨的爪部特征与环境因素密切相关，在幼年和成虫生活环境相同的情况下，爪部特征在整个发育过程中保持不变。本研究比较了具有恒定生态环境的甲螨和具有明显生态变化的甲螨的爪部性状。树栖的Sellnickia caudata和沙栖的Niphocepheus nivalis在它们的生命周期中生活在同一个微生境中，而未成熟的陆生Carabodes areolatus和mycoates carli以及水生Hydrozetes lemnae，与它们的成虫相反，是自食的，这意味着它们在地衣和植物组织中觅食和挖洞。我们对它们的爪子进行了几何形态调查，可以发现除nivalis外，所有物种的未成熟和成虫的爪子形状存在显著差异。内食幼鱼的爪通常比成年鱼的爪更尖、更高。幼龙的穴居生活方式显然需要这种特殊的爪子形态。尽管具有恒定的生态环境，但树栖尾螺在未成熟和成年的爪子特征上也表现出明显的差异，幼年的爪子具有更强的弯曲和更锋利。但未成熟阶段也有一个额外的跗骨粘连垫，这在成虫阶段是缺乏的。这种附加的粘接垫的存在与否显然需要改变爪的形态，以便在不同的植物表面上牢固地附着。目前的研究结果表明，爪特征在发育过程中会发生变化，这取决于每个发育阶段所面临的给定生态因素和附加附着装置的存在。

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引用次数: 0

The ultrastructure of sperm and the female storage organ in the backswimmer Notonecta glauca (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) and the coevolution of these two structures

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY

Arthropod Structure & Development

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101410

Mariangela Gentile, David Mercati, Pietro Paolo Fanciulli, Pietro Lupetti, Romano Dallai

This study describes the coevolution of sperm length and female spermatheca size in the backswimmer Notonecta glauca. The species exhibits exceptionally long sperm, characterized by an unusually elongated acrosome, a short nucleus, and a long flagellum featuring a conventional 9 + 9+2 microtubular axoneme and two large mitochondrial derivatives. The spermatheca is equally elongated, comprising a spiralized proximal tract with a unique and novel ultrastructure, a long middle cuticular duct, and a terminal bulb. The spiralized region is lined by an epithelium covered with an extraordinarily thick cuticle composed of orthogonal pillars that terminate in pointed apices. In mated females, a thick secretion layer accumulates between the cuticle and the epithelium, which is enriched with mitochondrial complexes. A comparative analysis of virgin and mated females suggests that the epithelium in mated females actively reabsorbs fluid from the duct lumen. The cuticular duct, a simple and elongated tract, has its lumen compartmentalized by cuticular projections. The terminal bulb, in turn, features an epithelium made up of secretory cells with an extracellular cistern for secretion storage and duct-forming cells rich in longitudinal microtubules. These cells are equipped with ducts that transport the stored secretion to the lumen. Overall, the findings confirm that the size of the female spermatheca influences sperm morphology, underscoring a tight coevolution between these traits.

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引用次数: 0

Sensilla on the maxillary palp of cave and surface-dwelling species of the genus Tachycines (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae)

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY

Arthropod Structure & Development

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2025.101411

Xiaoying Zhang , Xiaolong Hou , Shihui Huang , Kesong Yin , Changqing Luo

Due to caves' environmental features (e.g., darkness and food limitation), cave-dwelling insects have evolved well-developed sensory systems. The habitats of the camel crickets of Tachycines are diverse, found both in cave and surface ecosystems. This study aims to clarify the sensilla types and distribution on the maxillary palp in male adults of the surface-dwelling Tachycines huaxi and cave-dwelling Tachycines shuangcha. The morphology and sensilla on the maxillary palp were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The maxillary palps of the two Tachycines species consist of five segments with varying lengths. Seven types of sensilla were recorded on maxillary palp of both species: sensilla chaetica (Sc.1–3), sensilla trichodea (St.1–2), sensilla palmatum (Sp), Böhm's bristles (Bb), sensilla campaniformia (Sca), sensilla basiconica (Sb.1–4), and sensilla coeloconica (Sco). The sensilla are primarily located on the fifth palpomere ofmaxillary palp. Sb.2 were found exclusively on maxillary palp of the species T. huaxi. The distribution of sensilla was similar between T. shuangcha and T. huaxi, but sensilla of the two species differed in length, diameter, and number. The potential functions of these sensilla, and possible morphological adaptations to the cave environments exhibited by the maxillary palp of the cavernicolous T. shuangcha are discussed.

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引用次数: 0

Insights into morphology of the ‘columnar epithelium’ within the female reproductive system of brachyuran crabs 短爪蟹雌性生殖系统中“柱状上皮”形态的观察。

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY

Arthropod Structure & Development

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101408

Nicole Schröter , Urska Repnik , Dirk Brandis

The objective of this study is to gain a better understanding of the not well understood egg-transportation mechanisms through the female reproductive systems of crabs. For this, Carcinus maenas was chosen as a model to study the cuticular epithelium underlying the cuticle of the vagina and the ventral seminal receptacle. This cuticular epithelium is investigated by performing histochemical and ultrastructural analyses of the epithelial cells. The results show that this epithelium consists of specialized epithelial cells that show characteristic features of muscle-attachment cells or tendon cells, such as an abundance of microtubules in their cytoplasm and hemi-adherens junctions. These results improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the reproduction in brachyuran crabs and will have to be taken into consideration in the future, when trying to understand the functional morphology of the female reproductive system of crabs.

本研究的目的是为了更好地了解通过螃蟹雌性生殖系统的卵子运输机制。为此，我们选择癌作为模型来研究阴道角质层下的角质层上皮和腹侧精囊。通过对上皮细胞进行组织化学和超微结构分析来研究角质层上皮。结果表明，该上皮由特化上皮细胞组成，表现出肌肉附着细胞或肌腱细胞的特征，如细胞质中有丰富的微管和半粘附连接。这些结果提高了我们对短爪蟹生殖机制的理解，并将在未来试图了解螃蟹雌性生殖系统的功能形态时加以考虑。

引用次数: 0

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