Motivational interviewing for weight management among college students during COVID-19: An exploratory randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background

College students encounter challenges in managing their weight. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exacerbated the problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention compared to online education (control) on body composition and self-determination theory constructs among college students with overweight.

Methods

This was a randomized clinical trial of 40 college students comparing an MI versus a control group. The MI group received monthly interviews: three face-to-face interviews before the pandemic, and three video chat interviews after the outbreak of COVID-19 spanning a total of six months. The control group received six, monthly education modules. Body composition was measured by the iDexa and self-determination theory (SDT) variables were assessed with surveys.

Results

Mixed ANOVAs from pre-post revealed significant changes in fat mass (p = .03, η² = 0.22), lean mass (p < .05, η² = 0.18), body fat percentage (p < .01, η² = 0.37), autonomy (p < .01, η² = 0.38), relatedness (p < .01, η² = 0.41), amotivation (p = .01, η² = 0.29), external regulation (p = .02, η² = 0.23), identified regulation (p = .02, η² = 0.25), integrated regulation (p < .00, η² = 0.49), and intrinsic regulation (p = .01, η² = 0.27).

Conclusions

In this exploratory analysis, MI demonstrated a positive trend in body composition maintenance when compared to online education among overweight college students during a national pandemic. Future studies utilizing MI would enhance the literature by further investigating the relationship between MI and SDT and measuring body composition.

Clinicaltrials.gov. identifier: NCT04130386.