Obesity Pillars最新文献

{"title":"Nutritional status with tirzepatide in obesity: A post hoc analysis of the SURMOUNT-1-4 randomized clinical trials","authors":"Jaime P. Almandoz ,&nbsp;Octavia Pickett-Blakely ,&nbsp;Colleen Tewksbury ,&nbsp;Adam Stefanski ,&nbsp;Sylvia Gonsahn-Bollie ,&nbsp;Georgios K. Dimitriadis ,&nbsp;Ada Leticia Murro ,&nbsp;Dachuang Cao ,&nbsp;Qier Meng ,&nbsp;Lisa M. Neff","doi":"10.1016/j.obpill.2026.100248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obpill.2026.100248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nutritional deficiencies are common among people with obesity, before and during treatment, such as with very-low-calorie diets and metabolic/bariatric surgery. Obesity management medications (OMMs) can reduce appetite and dietary intake, potentially affecting nutritional status. The impact of OMMs on nutritional outcomes in people with obesity warrants further study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a post hoc analysis of available nutritional status-related data from the randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 SURMOUNT-1-4 trials of tirzepatide (N = 4726). Descriptive statistics were utilized to explore available nutritional status-related data from clinical trial reports, including investigator-reported treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) based on 14 <em>MedDRA</em> preferred terms, chosen to identify cases of macronutrient malnutrition; investigator-reported vitamin deficiency-related TEAEs; biomarkers assessed systematically during the trials (albumin; total lymphocyte count [TLC]); reasons for early treatment discontinuation; and participants reaching body mass index (BMI) &lt; 18.5 and &lt; 22 kg/m².</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Investigators reported 3 of 14 TEAEs potentially related to macronutrient malnutrition. TEAE incidence of <em>Abnormal loss of weight</em>, <em>Underweight</em>, and <em>Hypoalbuminemia</em> was 0.03 %, 0.06 %, and 0.03 % with tirzepatide and 0 %, 0 %, and 0.06 % with placebo, respectively. Vitamin deficiency-related TEAEs were reported for 0.99 % and 1.07 % of tirzepatide- and placebo-treated participants, respectively. Albumin &lt;3.3 g/dL occurred in 0.06 % and 0.13 % of tirzepatide- and placebo-treated participants, respectively, while TLC &lt;910/μL occurred in 2.90 % and 1.77 %. Treatment discontinuations potentially related to nutritional status (primarily achievement of desired weight and perceived excessive weight loss) occurred in 0.53 % of participants. Overall, 0.38 % and 0.06 % of tirzepatide- and placebo-treated participants reached BMI &lt;18.5 kg/m².</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TEAEs and treatment discontinuations due to macronutrient malnutrition were uncommon in the SURMOUNT-1-4 trials of tirzepatide for obesity. Lack of routinely collected vitamin and mineral levels during the trials limited assessment of the impact of tirzepatide treatment on micronutrient status. Systematic assessment of nutritional status before and during OMM treatment would enhance future trials.</div></div><div><h3>Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers</h3><div>NCT04184622 (SURMOUNT-1); NCT04657003 (SURMOUNT-2); NCT04657016 (SURMOUNT-3); and NCT04660643 (SURMOUNT-4).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100977,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Pillars","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testosterone therapy effects adipose distribution in older females post hip-fracture: The STEP-HI study","authors":"Jacob E. Earp ,&nbsp;Shangshu Zhao ,&nbsp;Furong Xu ,&nbsp;Chia-Ling Kuo ,&nbsp;Jenna M. Bartley ,&nbsp;Richard H. Fortinsky ,&nbsp;Jatupol Kositsawat ,&nbsp;Carlos O. Rehbein ,&nbsp;Ellen F. Binder ,&nbsp;Jennifer Stevens-Lapsley ,&nbsp;George A. Kuchel","doi":"10.1016/j.obpill.2026.100247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obpill.2026.100247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>With aging and injury, females experience ectopic redistribution of appendicular adipose tissue (AAT) into the visceral compartment, where adipose tissue (VAT) becomes highly inflammatory and increases risk of reinjury and chronic illness. Therefore, strategies that can disrupt this unhealthy adipose redistribution after hip fracture injury are of great interest. We examined the effects of testosterone therapy on total adipose tissue (TAT) and adipose distribution in older females recovering from hip fracture.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a sub-analysis of the STEP-HI study, a multi-site randomized clinical trial in which older females recovering from hip fracture were assigned to a 6-month exercise intervention combined with either topical testosterone gel (EX + T, n = 35, age = 79 ± 9 years) or placebo gel (EX + P, n = 31, age = 76 ± 7 years). Changes in TAT, AAT, and VAT mass and percentage of TAT in each region (%AAT and %VAT) were measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry, and changes over the 6-month intervention were compared between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the intervention, changes were similar in TAT (EX + P: 298 ± 2002 g, EX + T: 419 ± 2086 g, p = 0.810), AAT (EX + P: 52 ± 1007 g, EX + T: 39 ± 1078 g, p = 0.810), %AAT (EX + P: 0.42 ± 1.40% of TAT, EX + T: 0.52 ± 1.67% of TAT, p = 0.792) and VAT (EX + P: 45 ± 232 g; EX + T: −44 ± 151 g; p = 0.073). However, relative changes in %VAT from pre-intervention (EX + P: Δ3.51 ± 18.42%; EX + T: −Δ10.57 ± 17.13%; p = 0.004) marked favorable effects of testosterone on relative visceral adiposity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While testosterone did not decrease overall adipose stores compared to exercise alone in older females recovering from hip fracture, it did promote a healthy pattern of adipose distribution away from the viscera.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial #</h3><div>NCT02938923.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100977,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Pillars","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity medications and acquired hypothalamic obesity in adults: A two-case experience","authors":"Henry Lang ,&nbsp;Madisen F. Dorand ,&nbsp;Mahnooor Hassan ,&nbsp;Jesse R. Richards","doi":"10.1016/j.obpill.2026.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obpill.2026.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acquired hypothalamic obesity (HO) lacks well-described adult pharmacotherapy outcomes, creating a unique clinical challenge for providers tasked with the treatment of patients with hypothalamic obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective chart review to evaluate clinical outcomes in two patients who developed hypothalamic obesity following treatment for tumors of the central nervous system. Medical records from the research center were systematically examined to identify individuals meeting criteria for acquired hypothalamic obesity, defined by significant weight gain associated with hypothalamic injury secondary to tumor therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two individuals with acquired hypothalamic obesity were identified, both of whom achieved clinically significant weight loss taking tirzepatide with phentermine, and tirzepatide with phentermine/topiramate combination therapy. In case 1, the patient presented with cirrhosis, dyslipidemia, and transaminitis. Tirzepatide was initiated and escalated to 7.5 mg weekly, without weight response, prompting the addition of phentermine 8 mg daily. Dual therapy yielded 12.26 % weight loss over 7 months. In case 2, the patient presented with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Tirzepatide 2.5 mg weekly combined with phentermine/topiramate was initiated. Tirzepatide was escalated to 5 mg, with phentermine/topiramate subsequently increased to 37.5/50 mg daily, producing 35.10 % weight loss over 11 months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Tirzepatide-based combination therapy was associated with clinically meaningful weight loss and comorbidity improvement in adults with HO. These cases support further study of targeted, multimodal regimens in patients with acquired HO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100977,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Pillars","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of obesity medications in those with low response to a low-energy diet meal replacement programme: An observational study","authors":"James Shand ,&nbsp;Yannan Jiang ,&nbsp;Rinki Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.obpill.2026.100245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obpill.2026.100245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>It is not known how individuals respond to liraglutide or naltrexone/bupropion following low-response to a structured meal replacement low energy diet (MR-LED) programme.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a retrospective observational study conducted at a specialist weight management service using MR-LED with intensive behavioural therapy (IBT). Adults were considered for obesity medication if they did not lose at least 5 % body weight in the first 4 weeks of the intensive MR phase, 10 % after the total 12 week MR phase or regained &gt;4 kg either during the stepped food reintroduction or weight maintenance phases. Eligible individuals were offered liraglutide 3.0 mg (LIRA) or naltrexone/bupropion (NB32) for 13 weeks (including dose titration). The primary outcome was the proportion of individuals achieving ≥5 % weight reduction after 13 weeks of treatment. Completers were defined as those who had a body weight measured between 10 and 16 weeks and did not discontinue the medication before this period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 114 people offered obesity medications, 85 accepted (67 LIRA, 18 NB32). 46 individuals completed 13 weeks’ treatment and 11 (24 %) achieved ≥5 % weight reduction. Among completers (54 %), the mean weight change was −4.4 kg (−2.4 %), and was −2.7 kg (−1.5 %) for the total treated cohort using last weight carried forward on missing data. Those achieving ≥5 % weight reduction were more likely to be male and had lower prevalence of diabetes, binge eating, anxiety or depressive symptoms at baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>People who do not respond to a MR-LED with IBT have lower than anticipated weight reduction on subsequent treatment with first-generation obesity medications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100977,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Pillars","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New era in obesity medication access: A commentary","authors":"Harold Edward Bays","doi":"10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100977,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Pillars","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in a patient with type 1 diabetes and kidney transplant: A case report","authors":"María José Ayora- Pérez ,&nbsp;Eduardo Andrés Román Cataña ,&nbsp;Bernarda Patiño-Araujo ,&nbsp;María Emilia Salgado-Báez ,&nbsp;Gabriel Patricio Villavicencio-Logroño ,&nbsp;Gabriela Zapata-Jaramillo ,&nbsp;Napoleón Salgado-Macías","doi":"10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Obesity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and kidney disease presents unique challenges, particularly after transplantation, where weight gain can compromise graft function and metabolic control. Bariatric surgery has emerged as a therapeutic option in transplant recipients with obesity, though its role in T1DM remains less explored.</div></div><div><h3>Main concerns and clinical finings</h3><div>We report the case of a 45-year-old man with longstanding T1DM complicated by hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, and end-stage renal disease, who underwent a deceased-donor kidney transplant at age 40. Post-transplant, he developed type III obesity (BMI 44.5 kg/m²), poor glycemic control (HbA1c 9.8 %), and severe hepatic steatosis despite intensive medical therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed without intraoperative complications (operative time 70 minutes, specimen weight 100 g, minimal blood loss). The postoperative course was notable only for a transient ileus requiring two days of hospitalization. At follow-up, the patient demonstrated significant weight loss, resolution of albuminuria, improved glycemic stability with marked reduction in insulin requirements, and improvement of hepatic steatosis. Importantly, immunosuppressant drug levels consistently remained within therapeutic range throughout follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case highlights the safety and efficacy of sleeve gastrectomy in a kidney transplant recipient with longstanding T1DM, resulting in significant metabolic, renal, and hepatic improvements without compromising graft function or immunosuppressive therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of sleeve gastrectomy in a patient with T1DM following kidney transplantation, underscoring its feasibility and the need for further research in this complex population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100977,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Pillars","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Position Statement on Medicare and Medicaid coverage and expanded access to obesity medications: Preliminary perspective 2025","authors":"Marisa Censani ,&nbsp;Angela Fitch ,&nbsp;Carolynn Starr Francavilla Brown ,&nbsp;Harold Edward Bays","doi":"10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100977,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Pillars","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability of the New Zealand-eating behavior questionnaire to predict weight loss responses to naltrexone/bupropion: a proof-of-concept trial","authors":"Ole Schmiedel ,&nbsp;Melissa Ivey ,&nbsp;Nishi Karunasinghe ,&nbsp;Rinki Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the availability of different obesity medications, individual responses vary widely. This pilot study evaluated whether the New Zealand Eating Behavior Questionnaire (NZ-EBQ) could predict weight loss response to naltrexone/bupropion in adults with clinical obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a 24-week prospective, single-site, pilot, exploratory, phenotype-stratified trial evaluating utility of the NZ-EBQ for predicting weight reduction response to naltrexone/bupropion. Prior to enrolment, participants completed the NZ-EBQ, which classified their eating behavior phenotype and hypothesized congruence or incongruence with treatment allocation. The primary outcomes were changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI) at 12 and 24 weeks between emotional eaters and other phenotypes (reduced satiety or satiation) tested using independent t-tests and linear regression (significance threshold p &lt; 0.10).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 67 participants enrolled, 44 (65.7 %) completed 12 weeks and 37 (55.2 %) completed 24 weeks. Median baseline weight was 133.1 kg (IQR: 111.6–151.7). At 24 weeks, mean weight loss was 4.54 % (95 % CI: 2.83–6.25 %). Participants with emotional eating lost significantly more weight (6.44 %, 95 % CI: 3.64–9.24) than those with reduced satiation (4.69 %, 95 % CI: 0.23–9.15) or reduced satiety (2.82 %, 95 % CI: 0.33–5.30). In multiple linear regression analysis, primary eating behavior trait score and family history of obesity were significant predictors of weight loss (B = 16.8, SE = 10.9, p = .13, 95 % CI: 5.59 – 39.15). The safety profile, including rate of withdrawal and treatment-related adverse events, was consistent with results reported in pivotal studies with naltrexone/bupropion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that participants with emotional eating lost more weight after naltrexone/bupropion than those with other eating behavior phenotypes identified using the NZ-EBQ. Further trials are warranted to validate these preliminary results.</div><div>Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000703707).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100977,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Pillars","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reporting the effectiveness of dietary intervention on weight loss outcomes in patients with obesity and overweight: a retrospective chart review at a Center of Excellence in UAE","authors":"Mona Joumaa ,&nbsp;Madeeha Kalsekar ,&nbsp;Momina Malik ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Akbarpoor ,&nbsp;Dana Abdelrahim ,&nbsp;Sara El Ghandour","doi":"10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A modest weight loss of ≥5 % among patients with obesity is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and other obesity-related complications. Dietary interventions play a central role in obesity management and improving metabolic health, yet region-specific data from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective chart review aims to assess effectiveness of dietary intervention on weight loss outcomes in patients with overweight and obesity attending a Center of Excellence for Weight Reduction and Obesity Management in UAE. This study included adult patients with BMI ≥25 kg/m² who received individualized dietary counseling between September 2018 and September 2021. Patients who had undergone bariatric procedures or on obesity medications were excluded. Anthropometric and body composition data were collected before and after intervention. Outcomes included changes in weight, BMI, fat mass, visceral fat, and other metabolic parameters. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests, correlation coefficients, and multivariate regression to assess associations between intervention frequency, duration, and weight-related outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 266 patients (mean age 44.46 ± 8.18 years; 63.9 % female) were included. Following the intervention, participants achieved significant mean weight loss of 5.12 % (p &lt; 0.001), with corresponding reductions in BMI (4.93 %, p &lt; 0.001), fat mass (10.11 %, p &lt; 0.001), and visceral fat (34.34 %, p = 0.014). More frequent sessions and longer follow-up durations were significantly associated with greater improvements in BMI, fat mass, and fat percentage. Gender-based analysis revealed that males experienced greater reductions in fat mass and resting energy expenditure compared to females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The dietary intervention resulted in significant improvements in anthropometric and body composition indices. These findings support the efficacy of individualized, dietitian-led interventions in managing obesity. The observed gender differences highlight the importance of tailored approaches in obesity care. This study contributes to the limited body of evidence on effective, non-pharmacological obesity management strategies in UAE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100977,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Pillars","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent obesity: Biochemical and dietary disparities in U.S. youth","authors":"John T. Stutts ,&nbsp;Yong S. Choe ,&nbsp;Ashley Lynn Bronston","doi":"10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescence is a critical period of growth with elevated nutritional demands, yet many U.S. adolescents fail to meet recommended dietary intakes. This study analyzed data from three NHANES cycles (2013–2018) to assess obesity trends among adolescents aged 12–18, compare dietary intake by BMI, and evaluate nutritional biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective observational study analyzed data from three NHANES cycles to estimate obesity prevalence among U.S. adolescents aged 12–18 years. Dietary intake and blood concentrations of micro- and macronutrients were compared between adolescents with and without obesity. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥95th percentile per CDC growth charts. Nutrient intake was assessed against Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Adequate Intake (AI) benchmarks, and biomarker levels were evaluated using established clinical thresholds. All statistical analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.4 and SAS Enterprise Guide version 8.3.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Obesity prevalence increased slightly from 20.3% to 21.3% across cycles. Among all dietary intake variables analyzed, only one demonstrated a statistically significant difference between those with obesity and those without. The adolescents with obesity were significantly more likely to have protein intakes below the EAR (50.3% vs. 22.9%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Over half of all adolescents failed to meet recommended intake levels for several nutrients, regardless of their BMI categories. The blood biomarker analysis revealed significantly lower levels of vitamin D, vitamin C, serum iron, albumin, and MCV in those with obesity, alongside higher levels of total protein, globulin, and hs-CRP (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). The prevalence of low vitamin D, low hemoglobin, low MCV, and iron deficiency anemia was also significantly higher in the group with obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study reveals that despite similar caloric intakes, adolescents with obesity exhibited higher rates of nutrient deficiencies and markers of inflammation. This work underscores the importance of recognizing nutrition gaps in adolescent care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100977,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Pillars","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}