Seasonal Variation of the Sea Surface Temperature Growth Rate of ENSO

IF 6.5 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Advances in Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.1007/s00376-023-3005-x

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Abstract

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits a distinctive phase-locking characteristic, first expressed during its onset in boreal spring, developing during summer and autumn, reaching its peak towards winter, and decaying over the next spring. Several studies have demonstrated that this feature arises as a result of seasonal variation in the growth rate of ENSO as expressed by the sea surface temperature (SST). The bias towards simulating the phase locking of ENSO by many state-of-the-art climate models is also attributed to the unrealistic depiction of the growth rate. In this study, the seasonal variation of SST growth rate in the Niño-3.4 region (5°S–5°N, 120°–170°W) is estimated in detail based on the mixed layer heat budget equation and recharge oscillator model during 1981–2020. It is suggested that the consideration of a variable mixed layer depth is essential to its diagnostic process. The estimated growth rate has a remarkable seasonal cycle with minimum rates occurring in spring and maximum rates evident in autumn. More specifically, the growth rate derived from the meridional advection (surface heat flux) is positive (negative) throughout the year. Vertical diffusion generally makes a negative contribution to the evolution of growth rate and the magnitude of vertical entrainment represents the smallest contributor. Analysis indicates that the zonal advective feedback is regulated by the meridional immigration of the intertropical convergence zone, which approaches its southernmost extent in February and progresses to its northernmost location in September, and dominates the seasonal variation of the SST growth rate.

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厄尔尼诺/南方涛动海面温度增长率的季节性变化

摘要厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）具有明显的锁相特征，首先表现为在北方春季开始，在夏季和秋季发展，在冬季达到顶峰，并在第二年春季衰减。一些研究表明，这一特征是由海面温度（SST）表现出的厄尔尼诺/南方涛动增长率的季节性变化引起的。许多最先进的气候模式在模拟厄尔尼诺/南方涛动的相位锁定时出现偏差，也是由于对增长率的描述不切实际。本研究根据混合层热量收支方程和补给振荡器模式，详细估算了 1981-2020 年间尼诺-3.4 区域（南纬 5°-北纬 5°，西经 120°-170°）的 SST 增长率季节变化。结果表明，考虑可变的混合层深度对其诊断过程至关重要。估算的增长率具有明显的季节周期性，春季增长率最低，秋季增长率最高。更具体地说，从经向平流（地表热通量）得出的增长率全年都是正的（负的）。垂直扩散通常对增长率的演变起负作用，而垂直夹带对增长率的影响最小。分析表明，带状平流反馈受热带辐合带经向移民的调节，热带辐合带在二月份接近最南端，在九月份到达最北端，主导着海温增长率的季节变化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 地学-气象与大气科学

CiteScore

9.30

自引率

5.20%

发文量

154

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, launched in 1984, aims to rapidly publish original scientific papers on the dynamics, physics and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean. It covers the latest achievements and developments in the atmospheric sciences, including marine meteorology and meteorology-associated geophysics, as well as the theoretical and practical aspects of these disciplines. Papers on weather systems, numerical weather prediction, climate dynamics and variability, satellite meteorology, remote sensing, air chemistry and the boundary layer, clouds and weather modification, can be found in the journal. Papers describing the application of new mathematics or new instruments are also collected here.