Sentinel SAR-optical fusion for improving in-season wheat crop mapping at a large scale using machine learning and the Google Earth engine platform

IF 2.3 Q2 REMOTE SENSING Applied Geomatics Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI:10.1007/s12518-023-00545-4
Louis Evence Zoungrana, Meriem Barbouchi, Wael Toukabri, Mohamedou Ould Babasy, Nabil Ben Khatra, Mohamed Annabi, Haithem Bahri
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Abstract

In-season wheat growing area identification is of great importance for monitoring crop growth conditions and predicting related yield. In this study, we developed an approach to map wheat crops at a regional scale, using both the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR, Sentinel-1, S1) and Copernicus Optical (Sentinel-2, S2) satellite data, to estimate the extent of the wheat growing area. The approach relies on machine learning random forest classification algorithm performed in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. The methodology is based on three experiments, each consisting of the processing of a specific Sentinel time series imageries: a first experiment considering the S1 data solely, a second experiment with the S2 data solely and a third experiment with S1 + S2 data merged. The results showed that the third experiment combining SAR and optical data turned out with the best overall accuracy of 82.36% and a kappa coefficient of 0.77. These results indicate that the integration of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 improved classification accuracy by 1.5 to 6% over the use of Sentinel-2 only. A comprehensive assessment based on survey samples revealed Producer and User accuracies of 84% and 81% respectively; and an F1-score of 0.82. The approach followed in the study provides a basis for mapping seasonal wheat areas that will support planning and policy decisions.

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利用机器学习和谷歌地球引擎平台,将哨兵合成孔径雷达与光学融合,改进大尺度的当季小麦作物测绘
当季小麦生长区域的识别对于监测作物生长状况和预测相关产量非常重要。在本研究中,我们开发了一种方法,利用合成孔径雷达(SAR,哨兵-1,S1)和哥白尼光学(哨兵-2,S2)卫星数据绘制区域尺度的小麦作物图,以估计小麦生长区域的范围。该方法依赖于在谷歌地球引擎(GEE)云平台上执行的机器学习随机森林分类算法。该方法基于三个实验,每个实验都包括对特定哨兵时间序列图像的处理:第一个实验只考虑 S1 数据,第二个实验只考虑 S2 数据,第三个实验合并 S1 和 S2 数据。结果表明,将合成孔径雷达数据和光学数据合并的第三次实验的总体准确率最高,为 82.36%,卡帕系数为 0.77。这些结果表明,与仅使用 Sentinel-2 相比,整合 Sentinel-1 和 Sentinel-2 可将分类准确率提高 1.5% 至 6%。基于调查样本的综合评估显示,生产者和用户的准确率分别为 84% 和 81%,F1 分数为 0.82。本研究采用的方法为绘制季节性小麦区域图提供了依据,将为规划和政策决策提供支持。
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来源期刊
Applied Geomatics
Applied Geomatics REMOTE SENSING-
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
3.70%
发文量
61
期刊介绍: Applied Geomatics (AGMJ) is the official journal of SIFET the Italian Society of Photogrammetry and Topography and covers all aspects and information on scientific and technical advances in the geomatics sciences. The Journal publishes innovative contributions in geomatics applications ranging from the integration of instruments, methodologies and technologies and their use in the environmental sciences, engineering and other natural sciences. The areas of interest include many research fields such as: remote sensing, close range and videometric photogrammetry, image analysis, digital mapping, land and geographic information systems, geographic information science, integrated geodesy, spatial data analysis, heritage recording; network adjustment and numerical processes. Furthermore, Applied Geomatics is open to articles from all areas of deformation measurements and analysis, structural engineering, mechanical engineering and all trends in earth and planetary survey science and space technology. The Journal also contains notices of conferences and international workshops, industry news, and information on new products. It provides a useful forum for professional and academic scientists involved in geomatics science and technology. Information on Open Research Funding and Support may be found here: https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/institutional-agreements
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