Assessing Predictors of Self-Care Behavior and Practices to Mitigate Air Pollution: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Undergraduate Students in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

.. Azka, Sadia Bibi, Farrah Pervaiz, Humaira Mehmood, Aimen Khizar, Sundas Gul, Laiba Naseem, Rameesa Liaqat, Fizza Liaqat
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Abstract

Air pollution constitutes a pressing worldwide public health issue, and Pakistan is the fourth most polluted country, where nearly 99% of its populace breathes in the air quality that exceeds the WHO criteria. Embracing WHO-endorsed strategies can help in extending life expectancy by five years. This investigation was designed to delve into the factors influencing self-care behaviors and practices regarding air pollution based on Health Belief Model among undergraduate students. Methods: A questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model was used to conduct a cross sectional study on undergraduate students from Rawalpindi, Pakistan about their self-care and protection practices against air pollution. The questionnaire had seven sections and was validated. Non-probability convenience sampling was used. SPSS 26, Spearman’s correlation, and linear regression were used for data analysis. Results: The study enrolled 292 university students, with 189 (64.7%) being male and 103 (35.3%) females, and a mean age of 21.07±1.896. Findings revealed that 22.6% of respondents exhibited satisfactory self-care behavior, while 77.4% exhibited suboptimal behavior. In terms of self-care preventive practices, 58.6% scored poorly, with only 41.4% demonstrating good practices. Conclusions: The study's outcomes demonstrated poor self-care and protection practices among the participants. Factors such as perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action significantly influenced preventive behaviors. Whereas, perceived susceptibility and barriers were found insignificant. These findings underscore a notable association between Health Belief Model constructs and students' adoption of preventive measures against air pollution.
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评估减轻空气污染的自理行为和做法的预测因素:巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第大学生横断面研究
空气污染是一个紧迫的全球公共卫生问题,巴基斯坦是全球第四大污染国家,近 99% 的人口呼吸的空气质量超过了世界卫生组织的标准。采用世卫组织认可的战略有助于将预期寿命延长五年。本调查旨在根据健康信念模型,深入研究影响本科生空气污染自我护理行为和做法的因素。调查方法采用基于健康信念模型的调查问卷,对巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第的本科生进行了关于空气污染自我护理和防护措施的横断面研究。问卷共分七个部分,并经过验证。采用了非概率方便抽样法。采用 SPSS 26、斯皮尔曼相关和线性回归进行数据分析。研究结果研究共招募了 292 名大学生,其中男生 189 名(占 64.7%),女生 103 名(占 35.3%),平均年龄(21.07±1.896)岁。调查结果显示,22.6%的受访者表现出令人满意的自我保健行为,77.4%的受访者表现出次优行为。在自我保健预防措施方面,58.6%的人表现较差,只有 41.4%的人表现良好。结论:研究结果表明,参与者的自我保健和保护意识较差。认为的严重性、认为的益处、自我效能感和行动提示等因素对预防行为有很大影响。而感知到的易感性和障碍则不明显。这些研究结果表明,健康信念模式构建因素与学生采取空气污染预防措施之间存在明显联系。
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