Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1033
Aqsa Faiz, Bushra Zaman, Mubushara Afzal, Malik Osama, Mustafa Zaveri
Cerebral palsy is one of the most common conditions contributing to childhood motor disability. It is usually categorized by a diverse range of gait abnormalities making ambulation very challenging. Standing board/frame has been a widely used physical therapy intervention practiced globally. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a standing board on the antigravity muscles among cerebral palsy children aged between 3 to 10 years. Methods: A 6-months experimental study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan on children suffering from cerebral palsy. They were assessed for weight-bearing status, alignment, and range of motion of the child’s hip and knee joints based on varying positions. Results: After 6 months of intervention, the ROM and muscle strength grading in groups X and Y remained unchanged. The mean duration of standing with support increased to 20.2 min and 19.3 min and without support to 9.5 min and 6.7 min, respectively. Conclusions: The use of a standing board amongst CP children with non-ambulatory status is much more apparent when used daily for at least 45 minutes. It is more effective in correspondence to the alignment of the hip and knee joints.
{"title":"Effects of Standing Board on Antigravity Muscles in Children with Cerebral Palsy Aging between 3 to 10 Years; A Multi-Centered Randomized Control Trial","authors":"Aqsa Faiz, Bushra Zaman, Mubushara Afzal, Malik Osama, Mustafa Zaveri","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1033","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral palsy is one of the most common conditions contributing to childhood motor disability. It is usually categorized by a diverse range of gait abnormalities making ambulation very challenging. Standing board/frame has been a widely used physical therapy intervention practiced globally. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a standing board on the antigravity muscles among cerebral palsy children aged between 3 to 10 years. Methods: A 6-months experimental study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan on children suffering from cerebral palsy. They were assessed for weight-bearing status, alignment, and range of motion of the child’s hip and knee joints based on varying positions. Results: After 6 months of intervention, the ROM and muscle strength grading in groups X and Y remained unchanged. The mean duration of standing with support increased to 20.2 min and 19.3 min and without support to 9.5 min and 6.7 min, respectively. Conclusions: The use of a standing board amongst CP children with non-ambulatory status is much more apparent when used daily for at least 45 minutes. It is more effective in correspondence to the alignment of the hip and knee joints. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"2003 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lactose intolerance is common among diarrheal children due to compromised gut health. Diarrhea can damage the intestinal lining, reducing lactase enzyme production responsible for lactose digestion. Consequently, lactose, a sugar found in dairy products, remains undigested, leading to abdominal discomfort, bloating, and increased bowel movements. Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics of Lactose intolerance (LI) as well as its relationship with demographic factors among diarrheal children below five years of age. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted enrolling 50 diarrheal patients in equal proportion by gender. The present study was conducted over children suffering from profuse diarrhea admitted to the Pediatrics ward at LUMHS and CIVIL hospital Hyderabad, Pakistan during July 2018 to January 2019. The questionnaire-based analysis was conducted to gather information regarding dietary index and manifestation of symptoms after milk consumption. Clinical analysis was performed using lactose tolerance test, Stool pH and reducing substance respectively. The obtained results were analyzed using SPSS. Results: 20 children were found to be suffering from lactose intolerance. The clinical symptoms observed among individuals affected by LI included loose motion, weight loss, abdominal distention, and the presence of pus cells in stool indicating the signs of infection. T-test showed statistical significance (p-value ˂ 0.05) over physical attributes such as height and number of pus cells among LI patients as compared to lactose tolerant (LT) patients. The finding of pus cells in the stool simultaneous to the strong statistical correlation between relieve in symptoms with increasing age also affirmed the existence of secondary type hypo-lactasia. The study also highlighted the demographic aspects contributing to the prevalence of the condition. Conclusions: Secondary lactose intolerance was found with shortened heights of patients and increased number of pus cells in stool.
{"title":"Clinical Assessment and Demographic Insights of Lactose Intolerance Among Diarrheal Children at Hyderabad, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Yousuf, Beenish Khanzada, Mehvish Jabeen Channa, Autif Hussain Mangi, Fahim Ullah Khan","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1030","url":null,"abstract":"Lactose intolerance is common among diarrheal children due to compromised gut health. Diarrhea can damage the intestinal lining, reducing lactase enzyme production responsible for lactose digestion. Consequently, lactose, a sugar found in dairy products, remains undigested, leading to abdominal discomfort, bloating, and increased bowel movements. Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics of Lactose intolerance (LI) as well as its relationship with demographic factors among diarrheal children below five years of age. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted enrolling 50 diarrheal patients in equal proportion by gender. The present study was conducted over children suffering from profuse diarrhea admitted to the Pediatrics ward at LUMHS and CIVIL hospital Hyderabad, Pakistan during July 2018 to January 2019. The questionnaire-based analysis was conducted to gather information regarding dietary index and manifestation of symptoms after milk consumption. Clinical analysis was performed using lactose tolerance test, Stool pH and reducing substance respectively. The obtained results were analyzed using SPSS. Results: 20 children were found to be suffering from lactose intolerance. The clinical symptoms observed among individuals affected by LI included loose motion, weight loss, abdominal distention, and the presence of pus cells in stool indicating the signs of infection. T-test showed statistical significance (p-value ˂ 0.05) over physical attributes such as height and number of pus cells among LI patients as compared to lactose tolerant (LT) patients. The finding of pus cells in the stool simultaneous to the strong statistical correlation between relieve in symptoms with increasing age also affirmed the existence of secondary type hypo-lactasia. The study also highlighted the demographic aspects contributing to the prevalence of the condition. Conclusions: Secondary lactose intolerance was found with shortened heights of patients and increased number of pus cells in stool.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1035
A. Ismail, Iqra Bibi
The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a common and complicated medical illness suffered by females after menopause. The current study studied its clinical manifestations, etiological factors, and their impact on the quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of GSM in Pakistani women of Rural Health Centre, Kangra, District Haripur and the causes associated with the symptoms and play a role in the worsening of disease. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Rural Health Center, Kangra, District Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from 1 January 2023 to 30 June 2023, for six months. It involved 202 women aged 35-55 years. Results: The observations involved the variables, including demographics of patients, clinical parameters associated with GSM and medical comorbidities. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were identified as the most prevalent diseases in GSM-suffering females. Conclusions: The variables strongly impact women's health and quality of life after menopause. The prevalence of certain comorbidities and their pattern related to GSM shed light on the importance of targeted healthcare strategies and preventive measures for females.
{"title":"Exploring Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Analysis of Prevalence, Determinants, and Health Impacts in Pakistani Women","authors":"A. Ismail, Iqra Bibi","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1035","url":null,"abstract":"The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a common and complicated medical illness suffered by females after menopause. The current study studied its clinical manifestations, etiological factors, and their impact on the quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of GSM in Pakistani women of Rural Health Centre, Kangra, District Haripur and the causes associated with the symptoms and play a role in the worsening of disease. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Rural Health Center, Kangra, District Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from 1 January 2023 to 30 June 2023, for six months. It involved 202 women aged 35-55 years. Results: The observations involved the variables, including demographics of patients, clinical parameters associated with GSM and medical comorbidities. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were identified as the most prevalent diseases in GSM-suffering females. Conclusions: The variables strongly impact women's health and quality of life after menopause. The prevalence of certain comorbidities and their pattern related to GSM shed light on the importance of targeted healthcare strategies and preventive measures for females. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1041
Mansoor Ahmad, Abia Nazim, Faiza Athar
HIV/AIDS cases are on rise in Pakistan at one of the fastest rates in Asia. People living with HIV/AIDS face numerous problems directly affecting the treatment outcome along with other aspects of their lives. One such factor is social support which directly affects the quality of life and treatment outcome of people living with HIV/AIDS. Objective: To explore the perceived social support available in people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: This cross-sectional research studied 300 individuals living with HIV/AIDS and seeking treatment from Antiretroviral therapy (ART) centres of Punjab Aids Control Program in Lahore. The participants were selected through nonprobability purposive sampling technique from the Punjab Aids Control Program treatment centers and included males (77%), females (17 %) and transgenders (5 %). Social support was measured through Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) Urdu version. Results: Participants scored highest on family social support and lowest on friends social support from subscale. The scores on social support taken from three main sources indicate the medium levels and composite score reveal high levels of social support. Family and friends subscales show significant variations in scores across gender. Income and employment status revealed the same pattern of association with all types of social support. However, age, gender, marital status and family style showed varying pattern of association. Conclusions: Findings provided insights into perceived social support of people living with HIV/AIDS in Lahore and also identified a set of factors associated with social support.
{"title":"Assessment of Perceived Social Support among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Lahore","authors":"Mansoor Ahmad, Abia Nazim, Faiza Athar","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1041","url":null,"abstract":"HIV/AIDS cases are on rise in Pakistan at one of the fastest rates in Asia. People living with HIV/AIDS face numerous problems directly affecting the treatment outcome along with other aspects of their lives. One such factor is social support which directly affects the quality of life and treatment outcome of people living with HIV/AIDS. Objective: To explore the perceived social support available in people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: This cross-sectional research studied 300 individuals living with HIV/AIDS and seeking treatment from Antiretroviral therapy (ART) centres of Punjab Aids Control Program in Lahore. The participants were selected through nonprobability purposive sampling technique from the Punjab Aids Control Program treatment centers and included males (77%), females (17 %) and transgenders (5 %). Social support was measured through Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) Urdu version. Results: Participants scored highest on family social support and lowest on friends social support from subscale. The scores on social support taken from three main sources indicate the medium levels and composite score reveal high levels of social support. Family and friends subscales show significant variations in scores across gender. Income and employment status revealed the same pattern of association with all types of social support. However, age, gender, marital status and family style showed varying pattern of association. Conclusions: Findings provided insights into perceived social support of people living with HIV/AIDS in Lahore and also identified a set of factors associated with social support. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"761 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1039
Adnan Afsar, Muhammad Iftikhar Khattak, Nasrullah Khan, Faisal Rashid, Muhammad Imshad Khan, Komal Yaseen
Patients have always been the main stakeholders in the modern world of medicine. Objective: To assess the level of satisfaction of people with low vision with the provision of low vision services at Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar. Moreover, to compare the satisfaction level of people with low vision concerning the degree of vision impairment. Methods: An interviewer-administered, questionnaire (PSQ-18), was used to collect data from 125 low-vision patients at a low-vision clinic. The survey used Likert's five-point rating scale to measure satisfaction with LV services. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: The results of the study demonstrated that the vast majority of study participants (n = 62, 50%) were delighted with the low vision care they received, followed by thirty-eight (30.4%) participants who remained satisfied, whereas twelve (9.6%) patients were dissatisfied. Male participants were more likely to be satisfied (94%) than female participants (63%). Amongst the total study participants, the proportion of participants with moderate vision impairment was approximately doubled as compared to those with severe vision impairment. Conclusions: The study found that moderate vision impairment participants were more satisfied than those with severe impairment, indicating an inverse relationship between satisfaction and the degree of vision impairment. 99% of participants were satisfied with the technical quality of the services provided.
{"title":"Patient Satisfaction from Services Provided at Low Vision Clinic in Tertiary Care Hospitals- A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Adnan Afsar, Muhammad Iftikhar Khattak, Nasrullah Khan, Faisal Rashid, Muhammad Imshad Khan, Komal Yaseen","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1039","url":null,"abstract":"Patients have always been the main stakeholders in the modern world of medicine. Objective: To assess the level of satisfaction of people with low vision with the provision of low vision services at Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar. Moreover, to compare the satisfaction level of people with low vision concerning the degree of vision impairment. Methods: An interviewer-administered, questionnaire (PSQ-18), was used to collect data from 125 low-vision patients at a low-vision clinic. The survey used Likert's five-point rating scale to measure satisfaction with LV services. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: The results of the study demonstrated that the vast majority of study participants (n = 62, 50%) were delighted with the low vision care they received, followed by thirty-eight (30.4%) participants who remained satisfied, whereas twelve (9.6%) patients were dissatisfied. Male participants were more likely to be satisfied (94%) than female participants (63%). Amongst the total study participants, the proportion of participants with moderate vision impairment was approximately doubled as compared to those with severe vision impairment. Conclusions: The study found that moderate vision impairment participants were more satisfied than those with severe impairment, indicating an inverse relationship between satisfaction and the degree of vision impairment. 99% of participants were satisfied with the technical quality of the services provided. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1037
Ahmed Alwazzan
One of the nifty advent of technology in terms of neurobionics is the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). It will be no wrong to regard its principle somewhat likely to a real-time chip robot that deciphers human impulses, traversing on the nerve highways, into commands that modulate human actions which have been rendered paradoxical due to any physical or congenital nervous injuries. BCI technology has empowered the disabled, enabling them to operate cursors and smart home devices using their minds. The famous NeuraLink is emerging to be an advocate of the latest BCI technology, having performed a new brain implant successfully; but deep research puts forward the name of Synchron as an instigator of BCI industry. A tailed-electrode, with sixteen electric arrays, is pushed up-stream near to the brain’s motor cortex region via a small incision made in the jugular vein [1]. Upon reaching the destination it tubes out against the interior wall of the blood vessel, functioning as an antenna to detect the tissues’ electrical activity of the proximal cortex region such as moving a leg or scrolling through a screen. These signals are demodulated into muscle-translatable commands by a transmitter fitted in the chest, that disseminates the waves to an external digital device which performs the specified actions through a connected effector device. Primeval BCIs incorporated a mesh of protruding wires. Trials are underway to replace it with a home-based BCI setup. For now, fifty severely paralyzed people, including brain-stem stroke patients, have received these stents with a few Australians and Americans roaming around freely with implants in their blood vessels as part of BCI contemporary testing. Despite such bamboozling invention by Synchron, it has its limitations owing to the inferiority of brain signals espied across the curtains of membranes in way. A Synchron user can only scroll through the web pages. NeuraLink enters the competition by offering a 1024 electrodes’ matrix of ultrathin conducting bio-friendly fibers, integrated onto 1 centimeter’s cube film that can be inserted by a robot [1]. In January 2024 the first brain-film implant was performed on a brain-disabled patient which is showing signs of recovery. BCI current research revolves around inculcating the electrode bearing agent(s) directly into the brain regions without invasive procedures, which will be a breakthrough in neurosciences of the current era. Despite of its unprecedented utility, the BCI system also opens the gate for controversial scrutiny. For instance, there might be an undesired compulsion on BCI industry to escalate the amplitudes of cognition, memory, motor functions, and intellect even of normal individuals. Peculiarities like infrared vision and memory augmentation pose a danger towards informed consent and privacy. An environment of disparity, ascribable to the unequal approach of the interface, may be created that will lead to socio-political issues of genocid
{"title":"Brain-Computer Interface: The Construction of Artificial Highways","authors":"Ahmed Alwazzan","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1037","url":null,"abstract":"One of the nifty advent of technology in terms of neurobionics is the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). It will be no wrong to regard its principle somewhat likely to a real-time chip robot that deciphers human impulses, traversing on the nerve highways, into commands that modulate human actions which have been rendered paradoxical due to any physical or congenital nervous injuries. BCI technology has empowered the disabled, enabling them to operate cursors and smart home devices using their minds. The famous NeuraLink is emerging to be an advocate of the latest BCI technology, having performed a new brain implant successfully; but deep research puts forward the name of Synchron as an instigator of BCI industry. \u0000A tailed-electrode, with sixteen electric arrays, is pushed up-stream near to the brain’s motor cortex region via a small incision made in the jugular vein [1]. Upon reaching the destination it tubes out against the interior wall of the blood vessel, functioning as an antenna to detect the tissues’ electrical activity of the proximal cortex region such as moving a leg or scrolling through a screen. These signals are demodulated into muscle-translatable commands by a transmitter fitted in the chest, that disseminates the waves to an external digital device which performs the specified actions through a connected effector device. Primeval BCIs incorporated a mesh of protruding wires. Trials are underway to replace it with a home-based BCI setup. For now, fifty severely paralyzed people, including brain-stem stroke patients, have received these stents with a few Australians and Americans roaming around freely with implants in their blood vessels as part of BCI contemporary testing. \u0000Despite such bamboozling invention by Synchron, it has its limitations owing to the inferiority of brain signals espied across the curtains of membranes in way. A Synchron user can only scroll through the web pages. NeuraLink enters the competition by offering a 1024 electrodes’ matrix of ultrathin conducting bio-friendly fibers, integrated onto 1 centimeter’s cube film that can be inserted by a robot [1]. In January 2024 the first brain-film implant was performed on a brain-disabled patient which is showing signs of recovery. BCI current research revolves around inculcating the electrode bearing agent(s) directly into the brain regions without invasive procedures, which will be a breakthrough in neurosciences of the current era. \u0000Despite of its unprecedented utility, the BCI system also opens the gate for controversial scrutiny. For instance, there might be an undesired compulsion on BCI industry to escalate the amplitudes of cognition, memory, motor functions, and intellect even of normal individuals. Peculiarities like infrared vision and memory augmentation pose a danger towards informed consent and privacy. An environment of disparity, ascribable to the unequal approach of the interface, may be created that will lead to socio-political issues of genocid","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"2020 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Healthcare providers are potentially at risk from occupational exposure to drugs. Safe handling accreditation criteria from international occupational safety organizations and associations minimize long-term medication exposure harm. The purpose of this review was to examine healthcare workers' quality assurance in the safe handling of hazardous drugs. This topic underwent a scoping review of the literature to determine what was known about exposure and to spot any knowledge gaps using a variety of electronic databases such as Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for the literature search. English-language articles that were published between 1997 and 2022 were included. This review included 26 full-text papers in total. The designs, sample sizes, sample collection durations, and medicines studied differed between the investigations. Numerous studies discovered that at least one sample had measurable quantities of a hazardous substance. The studies examined that hazardous drugs are handled in many different stages throughout the healthcare industry, including production, transportation, storage, preparation for patients, and waste disposal after treatment. Healthcare personnel are constantly exposed to HDs. The findings emphasize the need to establish robust regulations, boost training programs, upgrade personal protective equipment, enhance handling techniques, and strengthen monitoring and surveillance systems. More research is required to fill up the gaps and safeguard the safety and health of Saudi Arabia's healthcare professionals who handle hazardous medications.
医疗服务提供者可能面临职业性药物暴露的风险。国际职业安全组织和协会制定的安全处理认证标准可将长期药物暴露的危害降至最低。本综述旨在研究医护人员在安全处理危险药物方面的质量保证。在文献检索中，我们使用了 Medline、PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 等多种电子数据库，对这一主题进行了文献范围审查，以确定人们对药物暴露的了解程度，并找出知识缺口。1997 年至 2022 年间发表的英文文章均被纳入其中。本综述共收录了 26 篇全文论文。不同研究的设计、样本量、样本收集时间和研究药物各不相同。许多研究发现，至少有一个样本含有可测量数量的危险物质。这些研究表明，在整个医疗保健行业中，危险药物在许多不同的阶段都会被处理，包括生产、运输、储存、为病人做准备以及治疗后的废物处理。医护人员经常接触到危险物质。研究结果表明，有必要建立健全的法规、加强培训计划、更新个人防护设备、提高处理技术以及加强监测和监控系统。需要进行更多的研究，以填补空白，保障沙特阿拉伯处理危险药物的医护人员的安全和健康。
{"title":"Quality Assurance in Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs Among Healthcare Workers in KSA: A Scoping Review","authors":"Sajjan Iqbal Memon, Sundas Shahbaz Khan, Zarqa Sharif, Saadia Younus, Umair Ismail Manghrio","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1006","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare providers are potentially at risk from occupational exposure to drugs. Safe handling accreditation criteria from international occupational safety organizations and associations minimize long-term medication exposure harm. The purpose of this review was to examine healthcare workers' quality assurance in the safe handling of hazardous drugs. This topic underwent a scoping review of the literature to determine what was known about exposure and to spot any knowledge gaps using a variety of electronic databases such as Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for the literature search. English-language articles that were published between 1997 and 2022 were included. This review included 26 full-text papers in total. The designs, sample sizes, sample collection durations, and medicines studied differed between the investigations. Numerous studies discovered that at least one sample had measurable quantities of a hazardous substance. The studies examined that hazardous drugs are handled in many different stages throughout the healthcare industry, including production, transportation, storage, preparation for patients, and waste disposal after treatment. Healthcare personnel are constantly exposed to HDs. The findings emphasize the need to establish robust regulations, boost training programs, upgrade personal protective equipment, enhance handling techniques, and strengthen monitoring and surveillance systems. More research is required to fill up the gaps and safeguard the safety and health of Saudi Arabia's healthcare professionals who handle hazardous medications. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1034
Muhammad Mudasser Hussain, Uzma Rafi, Adnan Imran, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Syed Khurram Abbas
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the primary cause of mortality worldwide. 32% of all fatalities globally in 2019 were attributed to CVDs, with an estimated 17.9 million deaths. Heart attacks and strokes were the significant cause of 85% of these fatalities. More than 75% of fatalities from CVD occur in low- and middle-income nations. In 2019, non-communicable illnesses accounted for 17 million premature fatalities (deaths under 70 years of age) of which 38% were attributable to CVDs. An increased risk of acquiring high blood pressure (hypertension), high cholesterol, and Type 2 diabetes can also be attributed to a family history of these disorders. These conditions can also raise an individual's risk of cardiovascular disease. By addressing behavioral risk factors such as tobacco use, bad food and obesity, physical inactivity, and problematic alcohol consumption, most cardiovascular illnesses may be averted. Early detection of cardiovascular illness is crucial for the commencement of medication and counseling-based therapy.
{"title":"Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Disorders","authors":"Muhammad Mudasser Hussain, Uzma Rafi, Adnan Imran, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Syed Khurram Abbas","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1034","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the primary cause of mortality worldwide. 32% of all fatalities globally in 2019 were attributed to CVDs, with an estimated 17.9 million deaths. Heart attacks and strokes were the significant cause of 85% of these fatalities. More than 75% of fatalities from CVD occur in low- and middle-income nations. In 2019, non-communicable illnesses accounted for 17 million premature fatalities (deaths under 70 years of age) of which 38% were attributable to CVDs. An increased risk of acquiring high blood pressure (hypertension), high cholesterol, and Type 2 diabetes can also be attributed to a family history of these disorders. These conditions can also raise an individual's risk of cardiovascular disease. By addressing behavioral risk factors such as tobacco use, bad food and obesity, physical inactivity, and problematic alcohol consumption, most cardiovascular illnesses may be averted. Early detection of cardiovascular illness is crucial for the commencement of medication and counseling-based therapy. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1043
Nageen Hussain, Bushra Nisar Khan, Amina Bashir, Rana Mohsin Ali, Muhammad Talha Mukhtar, Eman Afzal Awan
Smog is also an alarming signal for health problems in Pakistan especially in the city Lahore. Objective: To find out how the general public feels about smog. Methods: The study was conducted by surveying Lahore residents who drive. This was a survey-based study which included 100 subjects using any vehicle as a mode of transportation. Results: Generally, 2% people used cycle, motorbike 62%, car 13% and public transport 23% but during smog people shifted from bike to public transport and rate of car users were also increased from 13% to 25%. In this survey, 58% of the people came to know about smog through TV channels. Most of the respondents had the symptoms of chest tightness, eye irritation, breathing difficulty. This study revealed that 85% of vehicle users took preventive measures such as kept themselves hydrated (18%), worn mask (58%) and driven less (9%); which kept them away from hospitals during smog. Conclusions: It was anticipated that motor bike, car and public transport users had more knowledge about the causes of smog but none of cycle user was aware that sulfur and nitrogen compounds were the cause of smog (p<0.001). Thus, Pakistan needs to implement future countermeasures for smog.
{"title":"Public Awareness and Behavioral Patterns During Smog","authors":"Nageen Hussain, Bushra Nisar Khan, Amina Bashir, Rana Mohsin Ali, Muhammad Talha Mukhtar, Eman Afzal Awan","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1043","url":null,"abstract":"Smog is also an alarming signal for health problems in Pakistan especially in the city Lahore. Objective: To find out how the general public feels about smog. Methods: The study was conducted by surveying Lahore residents who drive. This was a survey-based study which included 100 subjects using any vehicle as a mode of transportation. Results: Generally, 2% people used cycle, motorbike 62%, car 13% and public transport 23% but during smog people shifted from bike to public transport and rate of car users were also increased from 13% to 25%. In this survey, 58% of the people came to know about smog through TV channels. Most of the respondents had the symptoms of chest tightness, eye irritation, breathing difficulty. This study revealed that 85% of vehicle users took preventive measures such as kept themselves hydrated (18%), worn mask (58%) and driven less (9%); which kept them away from hospitals during smog. Conclusions: It was anticipated that motor bike, car and public transport users had more knowledge about the causes of smog but none of cycle user was aware that sulfur and nitrogen compounds were the cause of smog (p<0.001). Thus, Pakistan needs to implement future countermeasures for smog. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1045
Ghazala Bibi, Arooj Javed, Hira Siyar, Haji Bahadar
Paracetamol is a common over the counter drug. Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity results in over 300,000 hospitalizations each year and accounts for up to 42% of all cases of acute liver failure. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a potential antidote to manage paracetamol toxicity. Objective: To investigate the effects of pyridoxine, alone and in combination with NAC in repairing paracetamol-induced liver damage in male Wister rats. Methods: A single oral dose of paracetamol (650 mg/kg) was administered to Wistar rats to induce hepatotoxicity. The hepato-protective effects of NAC at a dose 300 mg/kg, and pyridoxine (200 mg/kg) were evaluated using standard liver function tests and histopathological along with serum glutathione levels. Results: The administration of pyridoxine and NAC resulted in a significant decrease in AST, ALT, and total bilirubin levels and the reversal of histopathological changes. Conversely, administering NAC and pyridoxine in combination yielded significant changes except for the glutathione level. Conclusions: The study concluded that pyridoxine may be used as a potential hepatoprotective drug in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. In combination with NAC, it showed protective effects in paracetamol-induced hepatoxicity.
{"title":"A Comparison of the Protective Effect of Pyridoxine and N-Acetylcysteine in Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats","authors":"Ghazala Bibi, Arooj Javed, Hira Siyar, Haji Bahadar","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1045","url":null,"abstract":"Paracetamol is a common over the counter drug. Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity results in over 300,000 hospitalizations each year and accounts for up to 42% of all cases of acute liver failure. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a potential antidote to manage paracetamol toxicity. Objective: To investigate the effects of pyridoxine, alone and in combination with NAC in repairing paracetamol-induced liver damage in male Wister rats. Methods: A single oral dose of paracetamol (650 mg/kg) was administered to Wistar rats to induce hepatotoxicity. The hepato-protective effects of NAC at a dose 300 mg/kg, and pyridoxine (200 mg/kg) were evaluated using standard liver function tests and histopathological along with serum glutathione levels. Results: The administration of pyridoxine and NAC resulted in a significant decrease in AST, ALT, and total bilirubin levels and the reversal of histopathological changes. Conversely, administering NAC and pyridoxine in combination yielded significant changes except for the glutathione level. Conclusions: The study concluded that pyridoxine may be used as a potential hepatoprotective drug in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. In combination with NAC, it showed protective effects in paracetamol-induced hepatoxicity. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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