Hungary's Illliberal Democratic Policies and the EU's Response

Abstract

Hungary’s Prime Minister Orbán Viktor and Fidesz came to power by exaggerating the opinions of some disaffected segments of the Hungarian population, particularly by capitalizing on anti-EU sentiment in the election. The Orbán government's policies have been labeled illiberal democracy. Hungary's undemocratic policies are characterized by restrictions on freedom of speech, assembly, and association, negative policies toward LGBT people, and unfriendly policies toward refugees. However, the Hungarian public recognizes the Orbán government's use of undemocratic policies, but supports it because it is accompanied by economic development. The European Union has criticized Hungary's undemocratic political behavior and has used the threat of suspending subsidies to force Orbán to change his policies. Hungary's economic development is largely due to EU support. Without the EU's economic and political support, it would be difficult to see Hungary's economic development in the future, so it is likely that Hungary will be more receptive to the EU's demands. In reality, the Hungarian government has no other alternative than to go against the EU. Of course, this assumes that Hungary's economic growth continues. If the economic situation deteriorates, there is plenty of room for Hungarian public opinion and the Orbán government's attitude to turn sharply anti-European.