Second-Life Batteries: A Review on Power Grid Applications, Degradation Mechanisms, and Power Electronics Interface Architectures

IF 4.6 4区化学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Batteries Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI:10.3390/batteries9120571

Ali Hassan, Shahid Khan, Rongheng Li, Wencong Su, Xuan Zhou, Mengqi Wang, Bin Wang

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Abstract

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing due to governmental policies focused on curbing climate change. EV batteries are retired when they are no longer suitable for energy-intensive EV operations. A large number of EV batteries are expected to be retired in the next 5–10 years. These retired batteries have 70–80% average capacity left. Second-life use of these battery packs has the potential to address the increasing energy storage system (ESS) demand for the grid and also to create a circular economy for EV batteries. The needs of modern grids for frequency regulation, power smoothing, and peak shaving can be met using retired batteries. Moreover, these batteries can also be employed for revenue generation for energy arbitrage (EA). While there are articles reviewing the general applications of retired batteries, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the research work on applications of the second-life batteries (SLBs) specific to the power grid and SLB degradation. The power electronics interface and battery management systems for the SLB are also thoroughly reviewed.

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二次寿命电池：电网应用、退化机制和电力电子接口架构综述

由于政府的政策侧重于遏制气候变化，电动汽车（EV）的采用率正在不断提高。当电动汽车电池不再适用于能源密集型的电动汽车运行时，就会报废。预计在未来 5-10 年内，将有大量电动汽车电池退役。这些退役电池的平均剩余容量为 70-80%。对这些电池组进行二次利用，有可能满足电网对储能系统（ESS）日益增长的需求，还能为电动汽车电池创造循环经济。退役电池可满足现代电网对频率调节、功率平滑和削峰的需求。此外，这些电池还可用于能源套利（EA）创收。虽然有文章回顾了退役电池的一般应用，但本文全面回顾了针对电网和退役电池退化的二次电池（SLB）应用研究工作。此外，本文还全面综述了二次电池的电力电子接口和电池管理系统。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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