An Ideal Gas Indeed Does Work in Expansion into Vacuum

Igor A. Stepanov
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Abstract

Basic thermodynamics is able to treat an actual (non-equilibrium) process as well as the corresponding equilibrium process. An example of such a pair of processes is familiar to every chemical engineer; namely, (Joule) free expansion of a gas and the corresponding equilibrium expansion [1]. Formerly, we thought that an ideal gas does no work in expansion into vacuum. It is shown that such a gas does work. This result is confirmed by experiments.
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理想气体在向真空膨胀时确实起作用
基本热力学能够处理实际(非平衡)过程和相应的平衡过程。每个化学工程师都熟悉这样一对过程的例子,即气体的(焦耳)自由膨胀和相应的平衡膨胀 [1]。以前,我们认为理想气体在向真空膨胀时不做功。事实证明,这种气体是做功的。实验证实了这一结果。
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