Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4909
Samson Adehuga Omogbehin, Emmanuel Folorunsho Olasehinde, Matthew Ayorinde Adebayo, J. M. Jabar
An investigation into the corrosion inhibition potential of Tectona grandis dye extract on mild steel in 1 M HCl was conducted using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. Adsorption and thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated to understand the influence of extract structure on inhibition performance. Analysis revealed that Tectona grandis dye extract exhibited light absorption properties characteristic of a dye molecule, the Phytochemical analysis of Tectona grandis dye extract shows the presence of Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins phenols, anthraquinones, and tannins, the result also demonstrated a direct correlation between extract concentration and inhibition efficiency, while an inverse correlation was observed with temperature. Increased activation energy in inhibited solutions supported the temperature dependence. Positive ΔH values indicated an endothermic reaction, and negative ΔGads values suggested spontaneous adsorption following the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed mixed-type inhibition behavior. These findings suggest the Tectona grandis dye extract possesses promising corrosion inhibition properties.
{"title":"Investigating the Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion by Tectona grandis Dye Extract in Acidic Environment: Thermodynamics and Adsorption Properties","authors":"Samson Adehuga Omogbehin, Emmanuel Folorunsho Olasehinde, Matthew Ayorinde Adebayo, J. M. Jabar","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4909","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation into the corrosion inhibition potential of Tectona grandis dye extract on mild steel in 1 M HCl was conducted using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. Adsorption and thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated to understand the influence of extract structure on inhibition performance. Analysis revealed that Tectona grandis dye extract exhibited light absorption properties characteristic of a dye molecule, the Phytochemical analysis of Tectona grandis dye extract shows the presence of Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins phenols, anthraquinones, and tannins, the result also demonstrated a direct correlation between extract concentration and inhibition efficiency, while an inverse correlation was observed with temperature. Increased activation energy in inhibited solutions supported the temperature dependence. Positive ΔH values indicated an endothermic reaction, and negative ΔGads values suggested spontaneous adsorption following the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed mixed-type inhibition behavior. These findings suggest the Tectona grandis dye extract possesses promising corrosion inhibition properties.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3900
Abdelhakim Salama Sharban, Nasser Y. Mostafa, K. A. El-Nour
To develop a bio adsorbent with enhanced adsorption properties to remove deltamethrin pesticide from aqueous solutions, a modified chitosan material was successfully obtained by modifying chitosan with phthalic anhydride. The obtained products were characterized with the necessary chemical and spectroscopic techniques and were studied as an adsorbent for deltamethrin removal from aqueous solutions. To determine the optimum conditions of this reaction, pH, the initial dose of deltamethrin and the amount of modified chitosan to be added were mentioned. The decrease in the concentration of the previously prepared sample due to the adsorption reaction was studied with the aid of gas chromatography.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Phthaloyl Chitosan as a Novel Purifying Agent for Deltamethrin","authors":"Abdelhakim Salama Sharban, Nasser Y. Mostafa, K. A. El-Nour","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3900","url":null,"abstract":"To develop a bio adsorbent with enhanced adsorption properties to remove deltamethrin pesticide from aqueous solutions, a modified chitosan material was successfully obtained by modifying chitosan with phthalic anhydride. The obtained products were characterized with the necessary chemical and spectroscopic techniques and were studied as an adsorbent for deltamethrin removal from aqueous solutions. To determine the optimum conditions of this reaction, pH, the initial dose of deltamethrin and the amount of modified chitosan to be added were mentioned. The decrease in the concentration of the previously prepared sample due to the adsorption reaction was studied with the aid of gas chromatography.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: Pterocarpus osun and Pterocarpus soyauxii seeds lectins were subjected to various chemical modifications in order to detect the amino acid residues involved in their hemagglutinating and sugar-binding activities. Methodology: The lectins were purified using salt precipitation and size exclusion chromatography. Hemagglutinating activity and sugar specificity of the lectins were also established. Chemical modification of arginine was done using phenylglyoxal hydrate, and 5,5- dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was used to modify cysteine. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) was employed for serine modification and tryptophan residue was modified with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). Denaturants effects on the hemagglutinating activity were carried out with chaotropic agents, acid, disulphide bridge reducer and cross-linker agent. Results: Pterocarpus osun seeds lectin is mannose specific while Pterocarpus soyauxii seeds lectin is galactose/lactose-binding lectin. Hemagglutinating activities of the two lectins were completely lost when tryptophan residue was modified with NBS and the loss was reversed by dialysis. Modifications of Cysteine, Arginine and Serine have no effect on the hemagglutinating activity of P. osun lectin. Nevertheless, the modifications of same amino acids slightly reduced the activity of P. soyauxii lectin, which dialysis and prolonged incubation were able to overturn. Mannose was found to bind and inhibit hemagglutinating activity of P. osun lectin in the presence of various modifiers but galactose and lactose could not inhibit the hemagglutinating activity of P. soyauxii lectin in the presence of modifiers. All denaturants employed significantly affected the hemagglutinating activity of the two lectins. However, the effects were reversible except for P. osun lectin denatured with 8M urea. Conclusion: The results revealed that tryptophan residue is essential for hemagglutinating activity of the Pterocarpus species seeds lectins studied in this research. Cysteine, Arginine and Serine are also needed for sugar binding by P. soyauxii lectin but not so important in P. osun sugar binding ability.
目的：对紫檀和大叶紫檀种子凝集素进行各种化学修饰，以检测参与其血凝和糖结合活性的氨基酸残基：用盐沉淀法和尺寸排阻色谱法纯化凝集素。还确定了凝集素的血凝活性和糖特异性。使用苯乙二醛水合物对精氨酸进行化学修饰，使用 5,5-二硫双（2-硝基苯甲酸）（DTNB）对半胱氨酸进行修饰。苯甲基磺酰氟（PMSF）用于修饰丝氨酸，N-溴琥珀酰亚胺（NBS）修饰色氨酸残基。变性剂对血凝活性的影响是通过混沌剂、酸、二硫桥还原剂和交联剂来实现的：结果：黄檀种子凝集素是甘露糖特异性凝集素，而黄檀种子凝集素是半乳糖/乳糖结合凝集素。用 NBS 修饰色氨酸残基后，这两种凝集素的血凝活性完全丧失，透析可逆转这种丧失。半胱氨酸、精氨酸和丝氨酸的修饰对 P. osun 凝集素的血凝活性没有影响。然而，对相同氨基酸的修饰会略微降低大豆凝集素的活性，透析和延长孵育时间可将其逆转。研究发现，在各种变性剂存在的情况下，甘露糖能结合并抑制大豆异黄酮凝集素的血凝活性，但在变性剂存在的情况下，半乳糖和乳糖不能抑制大豆异黄酮凝集素的血凝活性。所有使用的变性剂都会明显影响两种凝集素的血凝活性。然而，除了用 8M 尿素变性的 P. osun 凝集素外，其他影响都是可逆的：结果表明，色氨酸残基对本研究中研究的紫檀种子凝集素的血凝活性至关重要。半胱氨酸、精氨酸和丝氨酸也是大豆异黄酮凝集素糖结合所必需的，但对大枣异黄酮凝集素糖结合能力的影响不大。
{"title":"Chemical Modification and Denaturation Effects on the Hemagglutinating Activity of Two Pterocarpus Species Seeds Lectins","authors":"Morenikeji Tolulope Folowosele, O. Odekanyin, Adenike Oluwaseun Adefila, Sinaola Praise Oyepitan, Eniola Racheal Owolabi, Ayomide Ifeoluwa Alobaloye","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3896","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Pterocarpus osun and Pterocarpus soyauxii seeds lectins were subjected to various chemical modifications in order to detect the amino acid residues involved in their hemagglutinating and sugar-binding activities.\u0000Methodology: The lectins were purified using salt precipitation and size exclusion chromatography. Hemagglutinating activity and sugar specificity of the lectins were also established. Chemical modification of arginine was done using phenylglyoxal hydrate, and 5,5- dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was used to modify cysteine. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) was employed for serine modification and tryptophan residue was modified with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). Denaturants effects on the hemagglutinating activity were carried out with chaotropic agents, acid, disulphide bridge reducer and cross-linker agent.\u0000Results: Pterocarpus osun seeds lectin is mannose specific while Pterocarpus soyauxii seeds lectin is galactose/lactose-binding lectin. Hemagglutinating activities of the two lectins were completely lost when tryptophan residue was modified with NBS and the loss was reversed by dialysis. Modifications of Cysteine, Arginine and Serine have no effect on the hemagglutinating activity of P. osun lectin. Nevertheless, the modifications of same amino acids slightly reduced the activity of P. soyauxii lectin, which dialysis and prolonged incubation were able to overturn. Mannose was found to bind and inhibit hemagglutinating activity of P. osun lectin in the presence of various modifiers but galactose and lactose could not inhibit the hemagglutinating activity of P. soyauxii lectin in the presence of modifiers. All denaturants employed significantly affected the hemagglutinating activity of the two lectins. However, the effects were reversible except for P. osun lectin denatured with 8M urea.\u0000Conclusion: The results revealed that tryptophan residue is essential for hemagglutinating activity of the Pterocarpus species seeds lectins studied in this research. Cysteine, Arginine and Serine are also needed for sugar binding by P. soyauxii lectin but not so important in P. osun sugar binding ability.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141131381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-20DOI: 10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3893
Mabintou Kalo, Fatogoma Diarrassouba, Demel Axel Adou, K. Bamba, N. Ziao
In this work, it was a question of carrying out a theoretical study of the global reactivity and a characterization of the preferential sites of reactivity of eight (08) derivatives of Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). It emerges from this study that the oxidizing power of the eight (08) molecules increases with the electrophilic character and electro-acceptor power. In terms of local reactivity, in general, nucleophilicity concerns terminal nitrogen atoms. Electrophilicity concerns the central ring carbon atoms of analogous TCNQ.
{"title":"Investigating Global Reactivity Profiles and Key Reactive Sites of Eight Tetracyanoquinodimethane Derivatives: A Computational Study Using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) theory level","authors":"Mabintou Kalo, Fatogoma Diarrassouba, Demel Axel Adou, K. Bamba, N. Ziao","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3893","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, it was a question of carrying out a theoretical study of the global reactivity and a characterization of the preferential sites of reactivity of eight (08) derivatives of Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). It emerges from this study that the oxidizing power of the eight (08) molecules increases with the electrophilic character and electro-acceptor power. In terms of local reactivity, in general, nucleophilicity concerns terminal nitrogen atoms. Electrophilicity concerns the central ring carbon atoms of analogous TCNQ.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140680981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3892
Elie Sogbochi, G. Nonviho, Hervé K. J. Bokossa, Crépin Agodji, D. C. Sohounhloue
The enormous loss of agroforestry resources should attract the attention of the scientific community. A cultivated plant has more unused organs than those harvested by the grower. For an agroforestry resource to be put to good use, its parts, previously considered waste, must be exploited for profit. This is why this study examined the potential of the hulls of Lophira lanceolata, an agricultural waste product, as a precursor for adsorbent materials such as activated carbon and composite materials. The two adsorbent materials are obtained by impregnation with orthophosphoric acid in a 2:1 ratio, followed by activation and pyrolysis at 500°C. The use of these adsorbent materials and clay for the removal of Congo red has proved effective, with removal rates more than 90%. Adsorption on these materials is chemical in nature and occurs on energetically heterogeneous surfaces, which fits well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherms. The estimated qmax values for the Langmuir model are 145.0, 362.0, and 452.0 mg.g-1 for clay, composite material and activated carbon respectively. The hulls of Lophira lanceolata could be used to obtain various adsorbent materials for eliminating anionic dyes from industrial wastewater to comply with discharge standards.
{"title":"Mechanism and Kinetic Studies of the Adsorption of Congo Red on Three Adsorbent Materials","authors":"Elie Sogbochi, G. Nonviho, Hervé K. J. Bokossa, Crépin Agodji, D. C. Sohounhloue","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3892","url":null,"abstract":"The enormous loss of agroforestry resources should attract the attention of the scientific community. A cultivated plant has more unused organs than those harvested by the grower. For an agroforestry resource to be put to good use, its parts, previously considered waste, must be exploited for profit. This is why this study examined the potential of the hulls of Lophira lanceolata, an agricultural waste product, as a precursor for adsorbent materials such as activated carbon and composite materials. The two adsorbent materials are obtained by impregnation with orthophosphoric acid in a 2:1 ratio, followed by activation and pyrolysis at 500°C. The use of these adsorbent materials and clay for the removal of Congo red has proved effective, with removal rates more than 90%. Adsorption on these materials is chemical in nature and occurs on energetically heterogeneous surfaces, which fits well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherms. The estimated qmax values for the Langmuir model are 145.0, 362.0, and 452.0 mg.g-1 for clay, composite material and activated carbon respectively. The hulls of Lophira lanceolata could be used to obtain various adsorbent materials for eliminating anionic dyes from industrial wastewater to comply with discharge standards.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3890
F. A. Al-Rub, Mohammad M. Fares, Lubna N. Al-Banna
The purpose of this study is to remove pharmaceuticals drugs from water due to high potential impact on human health. Specifically, non-prescriptive drugs like paracetamol drug, which cause infections to various human organs like liver, kidneys and immunity system. Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from date pits via thermal and chemical carbon activation using air at high temperature and phosphoric acid respectively, three ratios of (AC:Acid) were prepared to adsorb the most commonly used antipyretic and analgesic drug "Paracetamol" from aqueous solutions. The experiments were done in the department of Chemical Engineering and department of Chemistry, between September 2018 and August 2019. Characterization of the activated carbon (AC) was carried out through surface area analysis (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopic Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), thermal (Thermogravimetric analysis TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and microscopic (scanning electron microscopy SEM) techniques. Several parameters for Paracetamol adsorption from aqueous solutions were tested, and the optimum parameters were as follow: contact time= 150 min, pH= 7.0, temperature= 25ºC, (AC:Acid) ratio = 1:1. The equilibrium data were fitted to different adsorption isotherms, the two-step Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit to the data, and the pseudo-second-order model represented the adsorption process as dynamic studies illustrated. Thermodynamic parameters showed the process was exothermic (-15.7 kJ/mol) and physisorption. The results of the experiments showed the removal efficiency using AC (1:1) ratio was 92.9%, and the entire removal was attained using 16 g/L. The maximum paracetamol uptake at equilibrium was 165 mg/g. The used carbon in the adsorption process can be cleaned and reused again (regeneration), the regeneration efficiencies were 60% for hot water method and 68% for methanol method. This clearly helps toward cleaner ecosystems.
{"title":"Toward Cleaner Ecosystems; Elimination of Paracetamol Drug via Mesoporous Activated Carbon Date Pits","authors":"F. A. Al-Rub, Mohammad M. Fares, Lubna N. Al-Banna","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3890","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to remove pharmaceuticals drugs from water due to high potential impact on human health. Specifically, non-prescriptive drugs like paracetamol drug, which cause infections to various human organs like liver, kidneys and immunity system. Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from date pits via thermal and chemical carbon activation using air at high temperature and phosphoric acid respectively, three ratios of (AC:Acid) were prepared to adsorb the most commonly used antipyretic and analgesic drug \"Paracetamol\" from aqueous solutions. The experiments were done in the department of Chemical Engineering and department of Chemistry, between September 2018 and August 2019. Characterization of the activated carbon (AC) was carried out through surface area analysis (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopic Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), thermal (Thermogravimetric analysis TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and microscopic (scanning electron microscopy SEM) techniques. Several parameters for Paracetamol adsorption from aqueous solutions were tested, and the optimum parameters were as follow: contact time= 150 min, pH= 7.0, temperature= 25ºC, (AC:Acid) ratio = 1:1. The equilibrium data were fitted to different adsorption isotherms, the two-step Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit to the data, and the pseudo-second-order model represented the adsorption process as dynamic studies illustrated. Thermodynamic parameters showed the process was exothermic (-15.7 kJ/mol) and physisorption. The results of the experiments showed the removal efficiency using AC (1:1) ratio was 92.9%, and the entire removal was attained using 16 g/L. The maximum paracetamol uptake at equilibrium was 165 mg/g. The used carbon in the adsorption process can be cleaned and reused again (regeneration), the regeneration efficiencies were 60% for hot water method and 68% for methanol method. This clearly helps toward cleaner ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2889
Omowonuola, O. E., Victor-Oji, C.O., Chukwu, U. J.
Alkyd resin prepared from Gossypium hirsutum (cotton seed) seed oil and immersed in silver nanoparticles has been characterized and evaluated using standard analytical methods. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) was used to determine the fatty acid profile of the seed oil extract which was physicochemically characterized using AOAC standard method. The results obtained are as follows: Iodine value; 102.36g I2/100g, Acid value; 3.19 mgKOH/g, Saponification value; 202.32 mg/KOH/g, Refractive index; 1.46, Specific gravity; 0.91 and Moisture content; 1.20. The alkyd resin was prepared using alcoholysis-polyesterification reaction. The prepared resin was then immersed in silver benzoate to give Gossypium hirsutum immersed silver nanoparticle alkyd resin (GHSOR-AgNps) and the formulated resin was analyzed using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). UV-visible spectroscopy was used to analyze the silver benzoate salt. The performance of the formulated resin was assessed and revealed thus: soluble in both polar and non-polar organic solvents used in the study, dried through after 24 hours, showed chemical resistance to 0.1M NaOH with total removal, and its acid value was below 10 mgKOH/g. Therefore, Gossypium hirsutum seed oil (GHSO) has been shown to be a cost-effective, renewable and sustainable feedstock for alkyd resin production in the coating industry.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Alkyd Resin Immersed in Silver-Nanoparticle Derived from Cottonseed Oil","authors":"Omowonuola, O. E., Victor-Oji, C.O., Chukwu, U. J.","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2889","url":null,"abstract":"Alkyd resin prepared from Gossypium hirsutum (cotton seed) seed oil and immersed in silver nanoparticles has been characterized and evaluated using standard analytical methods. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) was used to determine the fatty acid profile of the seed oil extract which was physicochemically characterized using AOAC standard method. The results obtained are as follows: Iodine value; 102.36g I2/100g, Acid value; 3.19 mgKOH/g, Saponification value; 202.32 mg/KOH/g, Refractive index; 1.46, Specific gravity; 0.91 and Moisture content; 1.20. The alkyd resin was prepared using alcoholysis-polyesterification reaction. The prepared resin was then immersed in silver benzoate to give Gossypium hirsutum immersed silver nanoparticle alkyd resin (GHSOR-AgNps) and the formulated resin was analyzed using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). UV-visible spectroscopy was used to analyze the silver benzoate salt. The performance of the formulated resin was assessed and revealed thus: soluble in both polar and non-polar organic solvents used in the study, dried through after 24 hours, showed chemical resistance to 0.1M NaOH with total removal, and its acid value was below 10 mgKOH/g. Therefore, Gossypium hirsutum seed oil (GHSO) has been shown to be a cost-effective, renewable and sustainable feedstock for alkyd resin production in the coating industry.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2888
Bredou Jean Brice, Adou Demel Axel, Boua Boua Benson
The aim of this study was to identify the groups of chemical compounds present in the aqueous extract of B. thoninginii bark from Ivorian flora and to assess its antibacterial activity against multi-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Phytochemical sorting was used to identify polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, terpenes and derivatives. The levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, flavone aglycones, anthocyanins and condensed tannins were respectively 0.748 ± 0.03, 0.091 ± 0.01, 0.0094 ± 0.03, 0.0359 ± 0.01 and 0.117 ± 0.02 mg EAG /g MS. Sensitivity tests showed that BT was ineffective against multi-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.
{"title":"Bauhinia thonningii Schumach & Thonn (Fabaceae): Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Barks","authors":"Bredou Jean Brice, Adou Demel Axel, Boua Boua Benson","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2888","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to identify the groups of chemical compounds present in the aqueous extract of B. thoninginii bark from Ivorian flora and to assess its antibacterial activity against multi-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Phytochemical sorting was used to identify polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, terpenes and derivatives. The levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, flavone aglycones, anthocyanins and condensed tannins were respectively 0.748 ± 0.03, 0.091 ± 0.01, 0.0094 ± 0.03, 0.0359 ± 0.01 and 0.117 ± 0.02 mg EAG /g MS. Sensitivity tests showed that BT was ineffective against multi-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2887
Nighat Nawaz, Roshan Ali, Muhammad Ali, Iain W. Manfield, M. Taj, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa, S. G. Patching
Microscale thermophoresis (MST) is an analytical technique for measuring biomolecular interactions. It is based on the physical phenomenon that particles move within temperature gradients, which is affected by their size, charge, hydration shell and conformation. The MST sample must contain a fluorescent target molecule used to observe the movement of particles, and this can be titrated with an unlabelled binding partner for quantifying the interaction. MST is highly sensitive, using relatively small amounts of sample, and it has no limitations on the size of the target biomolecule, on the affinity of the interaction or on the composition of the buffer and other sample components. This makes MST ideally suited to characterising interactions with membrane proteins, which can be studied in cell lysates, native membranes, solubilised in detergents or reconstituted in lipids. The intrinsic aromatic residues of membrane proteins have been used as the fluorophore for MST (label-free MST) or membrane proteins have been labelled with a range of fluorescent dyes or conjugated with fluorescent proteins (labelled MST). The different types of membrane proteins that have had biomolecular interactions characterised by MST include the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, GPCRs and other receptors, sensor kinases, ion channels, aquaporins, and transport proteins.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2886
Mrema, Evarist E., Chaula, D. N, Chove, B.E
Bottled drinking water is widely advertised and sold in glass or, to a greater extent, plastic bottles with metallic or plastic caps, and is regularly drank by both children and adults. Mwanza City markets have many brands of bottled drinking water packed in PET and PC plastic bottles whose polymers may contain additives such as phthalates. Certain cancer types, hormone imbalances, and developmental delays have all been connected to these phthalates, which are harmful to human health. This study investigated, the effects of storage conditions, time spent in storage, and type of container polymer on the leaching of phthalates from packaging materials into particular brands of locally produced PC and PET bottled drinking water that are regularly consumed by adults and children and sold in Mwanza City markets. The method of determination was liquid-liquid extraction followed by chromatographic analysis for identification of the specific phthalates compounds. The results that the lowest mean Di methyl phthalates (DMP) concentration in water packed in PET bottles was 0.085 µg/mL before storage and that the mean DMP concentration increased to 0.235 µg/mL following six months of storage at room temperature and outdoor temperature. Additionally, the 18.9-liter PET bottle migrated higher than the 1.5-liter PET bottle due to its larger surface area for water contact and higher surface-to-volume ratio; however, it was found that production contamination, not migration, was the cause of the higher Di methyl phthalates concentrations in the PC bottles. These findings suggest that storing PET bottles containing drinking water at room and outdoor temperatures for an extended period of time directly impacts phthalate migration. Furthermore, this study shows reusing plastic water bottles raises the risk that the inner surface will deteriorate and release more phthalates, which raises concerns about the safety of drinking water that has been prepared and stored in a plastic bottle.
瓶装饮用水被广泛宣传，并以玻璃瓶或更多的塑料瓶包装出售，瓶盖为金属或塑料，儿童和成人都经常饮用。姆万扎市的市场上有许多品牌的瓶装饮用水，包装在 PET 和 PC 塑料瓶中，其聚合物可能含有邻苯二甲酸盐等添加剂。某些癌症类型、荷尔蒙失调和发育迟缓都与这些对人体健康有害的邻苯二甲酸盐有关。本研究调查了贮存条件、贮存时间和容器聚合物类型对邻苯二甲酸盐从包装材料沥滤到特定品牌的当地生产的 PC 和 PET 瓶装饮用水中的影响，这些饮用水是成人和儿童经常饮用的，并在姆万扎市的市场上销售。测定方法是液液萃取，然后进行色谱分析，以确定特定的邻苯二甲酸盐化合物。结果表明，PET 瓶装水在储存前的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）平均浓度最低为 0.085 微克/毫升，在室温和室外温度下储存 6 个月后，邻苯二甲酸二甲酯平均浓度增至 0.235 微克/毫升。此外，由于 18.9 升 PET 瓶与水接触的表面积更大，表面体积比更高，因此其迁移率高于 1.5 升 PET 瓶；不过，研究发现，PC 瓶中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯浓度较高的原因是生产污染，而不是迁移。这些研究结果表明，在室温和室外温度下长时间存放装有饮用水的 PET 瓶会直接影响邻苯二甲酸酯的迁移。此外，这项研究还表明，重复使用塑料水瓶会增加内表面老化和释放更多邻苯二甲酸盐的风险，从而引发人们对用塑料瓶配制和储存的饮用水的安全性的担忧。
{"title":"Levels of Phthalate Acid Esters in Drinking Water Bottled in PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) and PC (Polycarbonates) Bottles - stored under Different Storage Conditions in Mwanza City, Tanzania","authors":"Mrema, Evarist E., Chaula, D. N, Chove, B.E","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2886","url":null,"abstract":"Bottled drinking water is widely advertised and sold in glass or, to a greater extent, plastic bottles with metallic or plastic caps, and is regularly drank by both children and adults. Mwanza City markets have many brands of bottled drinking water packed in PET and PC plastic bottles whose polymers may contain additives such as phthalates. Certain cancer types, hormone imbalances, and developmental delays have all been connected to these phthalates, which are harmful to human health. This study investigated, the effects of storage conditions, time spent in storage, and type of container polymer on the leaching of phthalates from packaging materials into particular brands of locally produced PC and PET bottled drinking water that are regularly consumed by adults and children and sold in Mwanza City markets. The method of determination was liquid-liquid extraction followed by chromatographic analysis for identification of the specific phthalates compounds. \u0000The results that the lowest mean Di methyl phthalates (DMP) concentration in water packed in PET bottles was 0.085 µg/mL before storage and that the mean DMP concentration increased to 0.235 µg/mL following six months of storage at room temperature and outdoor temperature. Additionally, the 18.9-liter PET bottle migrated higher than the 1.5-liter PET bottle due to its larger surface area for water contact and higher surface-to-volume ratio; however, it was found that production contamination, not migration, was the cause of the higher Di methyl phthalates concentrations in the PC bottles. These findings suggest that storing PET bottles containing drinking water at room and outdoor temperatures for an extended period of time directly impacts phthalate migration. Furthermore, this study shows reusing plastic water bottles raises the risk that the inner surface will deteriorate and release more phthalates, which raises concerns about the safety of drinking water that has been prepared and stored in a plastic bottle.","PeriodicalId":9803,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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