Development of coordination abilities of athletes in bullet shooting as a basis for improving their technical skills

Abstract

Background and purpose Improving the technical training of athletes in shot put at the stage of specialized basic training using the targeted development of coordination abilities is an urgent task of modern scientific research. The purpose of the study: to develop a methodology for the development of coordination abilities to increase the technical readiness of athletes in bullet shooting at the stage of basic training. Material and methods 45 athletes in shot put shooting at the stage of specialized basic training of the sports school "Comunar" in Kharkov were involved in the study, of which 21 athletes made up the control group, 24 - the experimental group. To check the effectiveness of the author's program, a pedagogical experiment was conducted, which had two repeated preparatory periods of training macrocycles during August 2022 - June 2023. The following tests were used as testing: 1 – the sum of points in the exercise "shooting while sitting on a chair"; 2 - the sum of points in the exercise "shooting while standing on the platform"; 3 – the sum of points in the "shooting with closed eyes" exercise. The following exercises were used to develop the shooters' coordination abilities: clenching the left hand into a fist, touching the little finger of the left hand with the extended fingers of the right hand, simultaneously changing the positions of the hands; clap your hands in front and behind with each step; in walking, symmetrical hand movements for each step: sideways, up, down, forward, backward; balancing a gymnastic stick on the palm, raising and lowering the hand; catching a gymnastic stick after it rolls down the hands with and. p. horizontally on the shoulders and others. Special exercises were also used to develop shooters' coordination abilities, such as shooting from different distances, with different target distances, with eyes closed, after performing non-specific movements (jumping, rolling, squatting, etc.). When processing the data obtained during the research, the methods of mathematical statistics were used. Standard statistical indicators were calculated - arithmetic mean, mean square deviation, error of the mean. Group mean values were compared using Student's t-test for paired and unpaired samples. Results The developed program of technical training with an emphasis on the development of coordination abilities provides for an increase in the share of the volume of training loads aimed at improving the coordination abilities of qualified athletes in bullet shooting in general and special physical training, an increase in the share of training tools for the comprehensive development of various physical qualities in combined with coordination abilities, a reduction in the share of training tools for the development of maximum strength and speed-power endurance. The effectiveness of the application of the program for improving the technical training of athletes in bullet shooting at the stage of specialized basic training with the help of targeted development of their coordination abilities has been proven (р<0.01, p<0.001). Conclusions The developed method of development of coordination abilities of athletes in shot put contributes to increasing the level of technical preparation of athletes.