Multi-objective optimization to specify optimal selective laser melting process parameters for SS316 L powder

IF 1.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI:10.1108/mmms-06-2023-0213
Reddy K. Prasanth Kumar, Nageswara Rao Boggarapu, S.V.S. Narayana Murty
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Abstract

PurposeThis paper adopts a modified Taguchi approach to develop empirical relationships to the performance characteristics (output responses) in terms of process variables and demonstrated their validity through comparison of test data. The method suggests a few tests as per the orthogonal array and provides complete information for all combinations of levels and process variables. This method also provides the estimated range of output responses so that the scatter in the repeated tests can be assessed prior to the tests.Design/methodology/approachIn order to obtain defect-free products meeting the required specifications, researchers have conducted extensive experiments using powder bed fusion (PBF) process measuring the performance indicators (namely, relative density, surface roughness and hardness) to specify a set of printing parameters (namely, laser power, scanning speed and hatch spacing). A simple and reliable multi-objective optimization method is considered in this paper for specifying a set of optimal process parameters with SS316 L powder. It was reported that test samples printed even with optimal set of input variables revealed irregular shaped, microscopic porosities and improper melt pool formation.FindingsFinally, based on detailed analysis, it is concluded that it is impossible to express the performance indicators, explicitly in terms of equivalent energy density (E_0ˆ*), which is a combination of multiple sets of selective laser melting (SLM) process parameters, with different performance indicators. Empirical relations for the performance indicators are developed in terms of SLM process parameters. Test data are within/close to the expected range.Practical implicationsBased on extensive analysis of the SS316 L data using modified Taguchi approach, the optimized process parameters are laser power = 298 W, scanning speed = 900 mm/s and hatch distance = 0.075 mm, for which the results of surface roughness = 2.77 Ra, relative density = 99.24%, hardness = 334 Hv and equivalent energy density is 4.062. The estimated data for the same are surface roughness is 3.733 Ra, relative density is 99.926%, hardness is 213.64 Hv and equivalent energy density is 3.677.Originality/valueEven though equivalent energy density represents the energy input to the process, the findings of this paper conclude that energy density should no longer be considered as a dependent process parameter, as it provides multiple results for the specified energy density. This aspect has been successfully demonstrated in this paper using test data.
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通过多目标优化确定 SS316 L 粉末的最佳选择性激光熔化工艺参数
目的 本文采用改进的田口方法,从过程变量的角度建立性能特征(输出响应)的经验关系,并通过测试数据的比较证明其有效性。该方法根据正交阵列提出了一些测试建议,并为所有水平和过程变量的组合提供了完整的信息。该方法还提供了输出响应的估计范围,以便在测试前评估重复测试中的散点。为了获得符合所需规格的无缺陷产品,研究人员使用粉末床融合(PBF)工艺进行了大量实验,测量性能指标(即相对密度、表面粗糙度和硬度),以指定一组印刷参数(即激光功率、扫描速度和舱口间距)。本文考虑采用一种简单可靠的多目标优化方法,为 SS316 L 粉末指定一组最佳工艺参数。研究结果最后,根据详细分析得出结论,无法明确地用等效能量密度 (E_0ˆ*) 表示性能指标,等效能量密度是多组选择性激光熔化 (SLM) 工艺参数的组合,具有不同的性能指标。根据 SLM 工艺参数为性能指标建立了经验关系。实际意义基于使用改良田口方法对 SS316 L 数据的广泛分析,优化的工艺参数为激光功率 = 298 W、扫描速度 = 900 mm/s、舱口距离 = 0.075 mm,其结果为表面粗糙度 = 2.77 Ra、相对密度 = 99.24%、硬度 = 334 Hv、等效能量密度为 4.062。原创性/价值尽管等效能量密度代表了工艺中的能量输入,但本文的研究结果认为,能量密度不应再被视为一个依赖性工艺参数,因为它能为指定的能量密度提供多种结果。本文利用测试数据成功证明了这一点。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
5.00%
发文量
60
期刊介绍: Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures is published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited from 2010
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