Liquid Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy in Transition—From Structure Elucidation to Multi-Analysis Method

Abstract

As early as 1946, Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell detected nuclear magnetic resonance signals, earning themselves the Nobel Prize in 1952. The same year saw the launch of the first commercial nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. Since then, NMR has experienced significant progress in various fields of application. While in the 1970s NMR spectroscopy was solely employed for determining the structure and purity of synthesis products in the chemical field, it gradually gained popularity in the medical field for the investigation and rendering of images of human organs. Since then, the technique has developed significantly in terms of stability, reproducibility, and sensitivity, thereby forming the foundation for high-resolution imaging, the automation or standardization of analytical procedures, and the application of chemometric methods, particularly in relation to identifying food adulteration. This review objectively assesses the current state of implementing liquid NMR in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Liquid NMR has transitioned from a structural elucidation tool to a widely recognized, multi-analytical method that incorporates multivariate techniques. The illustrations and sources provided aim to enhance novice readers’ understanding of this topic.