Controlled Environment Ecosystem: A plant growth system to combat climate change through soilless culture

Abstract

The variations in climatic factors can lead to morphological changes like male sterility, self-incompatibility, embryo abortions, poor seed setting, low nutrient content, growth retardation, yield loss and even crop failure of agricultural or horticultural crops under open land ecosystem. The traditional agricultural systems involve using a large quantity of water on a large arable land, along with a lot of agro chemicals, which can lead to leaching of nutrients and chemical residues into the soil and water bodies, insect competition, weed emergence, or soil erosion. The controlled environment plant growth chamber reserves 80 ​% land use, 90 ​% water use and runs off or translocates nutrients more efficiently than traditional agriculture. The controlled environment plant growth chamber utilizes standard nutrient diffusion for plant growth and regulates stable nutrient use efficiency, water use efficiency, photosynthetic assimilation product, metabolic use efficiency, climatic factors, greenhouse gases emission, carbon sequestration, carbon foot print with the mechanistic model with machine learning examines critical or non critical levels, dynamics and influences of water, climate and nutrient in controlled environment system. The controlled environment plant growth chamber enables production of outstanding physical and chemical quality enriched plants. The controlled environment witnesses the combat against climate change and the restoration or conservation of natural resources, as well as the generation of research, employment, and industrial development. More comparative investigations are required to understand and justify climate combating with major plants in controlled environment ecosystem and natural environment ecosystem with or without soil.