A Systematic Review of Functional Outcome after Lateral Surgical Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoarthritis affects 10% of the population, primarily affecting weight-bearing joints such the hips (5%) and other joints. A total hip arthroplasty (THA) is typically required (2.5% of persons between the ages of 40 and 84) as a result of worsening gait, rising pain, and stiffness. There have been many different surgical methods for the hip mentioned. The posterior and direct lateral approaches are currently the main THA techniques. The direct lateral method is said to have the advantage of allowing good acetabular exposure and simplifying cup alignment, which may lower hip dislocation rates. Additionally, it reduces the chance of damaging the sciatic nerve far from the surgical site. Materials and Methods: The prospective study on 25 patients with unilateral osteoarthritis, aged 25 to 60 years was carried out at Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and different private hospital at Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2020 to March 2023 where outcome of uncemented THR by Direct Lateral approach was recorded. Evaluation of the results was done the day before the procedure as well as one month, three months, six months, and twelve months thereafter. Aim: The main objective was to find out functional outcome of patients after total hip arthroplasty by direct lateral approach. Results: Total 25 Patients with unilateral osteoarthritis have undergone uncemented total hip arthroplasty by Lateral approach, n= 25; 12(48%) were female and 13 (52%) were male. The mean age of patients was 42.5 years range from 25-60 years. Right Side was predominantly affected in all cases. VAS, HHS and WOMAC scores significantly improved at the follow-up after THA by the LA (all p < 0.05). A VAS score preoperatively was 8.7 which was improved 2.5 at 12 months follow up with significant p value <0.001. Conclusion: Patients who had Total Hip Arthroplasty performed with the Lateral Approach reported significiant improvement in functional outcomes with less postoperative muscle damage, stiffness, and pain during daily activities.