Helping or hindering: Inclusive Design of Automated Task Prompting for Workers with Cognitive Disabilities

IF 2.5 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI:10.1145/3628447
Gavin R. Philips, Morris Huang, Cathy Bodine
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Abstract

Of the ∼8.8 million working-age adults with cognitive disabilities in the United States, only 28.6% are employed, contributing to a poverty rate (26.1%) for people with cognitive disabilities (PwCDs) that is more than twice that for people without disabilities. PwCDs who are employed are often still marginalized via reduced hours and pay, largely due to their more limited capability to perform work efficiently and independently. As evidence, warehouse and shelf stocking jobs that serve as employment for a significant percentage of PwCDs, often require frequent intervention from a job coach in the workplace, impacting the pay and self-esteem of these workers. This study's objective was to remove barriers to employment for PwCD through inclusive design of technology supports in warehouse and similar settings. Specifically, a nonlinear context-aware prompting system (NCAPS) was developed, iteratively refined, and tested. In a pilot crossover study, subjects with cognitive disabilities participated in simulated work sessions, picking orders in a small warehouse environment using the NCAPS and industry standard paper tickets. Their performance was assessed in terms of errors and productivity, and their insights and perspectives were gathered. The resulting NCAPS prevented or corrected all errors for all but one participant. It also increased productivity for participants with the poorest baseline (paper ticket) performance, but decreased productivity for those with high baseline performance. No significant difference was observed in system usability scale (SUS) scores between methods. Topics emerging from user input highlighted the need for technological supports for PwCD to be simple and flexible in operation, and reliable to maintain user trust. By prioritizing robustness and intuitiveness, flexible technology supports can be developed to empower workers with a broad range of abilities, including those with temporary and situational impairments. Such tools would reduce barriers to employment, including stigma, discrimination, and other barriers to equity.
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帮助还是阻碍?针对认知障碍工人的自动化任务提示包容性设计
在美国 880 万工作年龄的认知障碍成年人中,只有 28.6% 有工作,这导致认知障碍人士(PwCDs)的贫困率(26.1%)是非残疾人的两倍多。有工作的 PwCDs 仍然经常被边缘化,因为他们的工作时间和工资都被减少了,这主要是由于他们独立高效地完成工作的能力比较有限。仓库和货架上的存货工作就是一个很好的例子,这些工作在很大比例的 PwCDs 中都能找到,但往往需要工作指导员在工作场所进行频繁的干预,从而影响了这些工人的薪酬和自尊。本研究的目标是通过在仓库和类似环境中设计包容性的技术支持来消除 PwCD 的就业障碍。具体来说,我们开发了一个非线性情境感知提示系统(NCAPS),并对其进行了反复改进和测试。在一项试点交叉研究中,有认知障碍的受试者参加了模拟工作环节,在小型仓库环境中使用非线性情境感知提示系统和行业标准纸质票据拣选订单。从错误和生产率的角度对他们的表现进行了评估,并收集了他们的见解和观点。最终,除一名参与者外,NCAPS 为所有参与者防止或纠正了所有错误。它还提高了基线(纸质票据)性能最差的参与者的生产率,但降低了基线性能高的参与者的生产率。不同方法的系统可用性量表(SUS)得分没有明显差异。从用户反馈中发现的问题突出表明,为残疾人提供的技术支持在操作上必须简单灵活、可靠,以保持用户的信任。通过将稳健性和直观性放在首位,可以开发出灵活的技术支持,以增强具有各种能力的工人的能力,包括那些有暂时性和情境性损伤的工人。这些工具将减少就业障碍,包括耻辱、歧视和其他公平障碍。
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来源期刊
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS-
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
8.30%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: Computer and information technologies have re-designed the way modern society operates. Their widespread use poses both opportunities and challenges for people who experience various disabilities including age-related disabilities. That is, while there are new avenues to assist individuals with disabilities and provide tools and resources to alleviate the traditional barriers encountered by these individuals, in many cases the technology itself presents barriers to use. ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS) is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal that publishes refereed articles addressing issues of computing that seek to address barriers to access, either creating new solutions or providing for the more inclusive design of technology to provide access for individuals with diverse abilities. The journal provides a technical forum for disseminating innovative research that covers either applications of computing and information technologies to provide assistive systems or inclusive technologies for individuals with disabilities. Some examples are web accessibility for those with visual impairments and blindness as well as web search explorations for those with limited cognitive abilities, technologies to address stroke rehabilitation or dementia care, language support systems deaf signers or those with limited language abilities, and input systems for individuals with limited ability to control traditional mouse and keyboard systems. The journal is of particular interest to SIGACCESS members and delegates to its affiliated conference (i.e., ASSETS) as well as other international accessibility conferences. It serves as a forum for discussions and information exchange between researchers, clinicians, and educators; including rehabilitation personnel who administer assistive technologies; and policy makers concerned with equitable access to information technologies.
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