Miroslava Migovich, Deeksha Adiani, Michael Breen, A. Swanson, Timothy J. Vogus, Nilanjan Sarkar
The interview process has been identified as one of the major barriers to employment of autistic individuals, which contributes to the staggering rate of under and unemployment of autistic adults. Decreasing stress during the interview has been shown to improve interview performance. However, in order to effectively provide insights on stress to both interviewees and interviewers, it is necessary to first effectively measure stress. This work explores physiological stress detection through wearable sensing as a means of obtaining quantitative stress measures from young autistic adults undergoing a virtual simulated interview using supervised machine learning techniques. Several supervised learning models were explored and it was found that Elastic Net Regression had the best accuracy with individual models with an accuracy of 84.8% while Support Vector Regression models evaluated with leave-one-out cross validation had a group accuracy of 75.4%. The predictions from the stress model were used with data visualization techniques in order to provide insights on the interview process from both a group and individual viewpoint, showing that stress trends can be found and evaluated using the stress model. This work also addresses a major gap in physiological stress detection literature by presenting a novel dataset of physiological data and ground truth labels for 15 autistic young adults undergoing a simulated interview.
{"title":"Stress Detection of Autistic Adults during Simulated Job Interviews using a Novel Physiological Dataset and Machine Learning","authors":"Miroslava Migovich, Deeksha Adiani, Michael Breen, A. Swanson, Timothy J. Vogus, Nilanjan Sarkar","doi":"10.1145/3639709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3639709","url":null,"abstract":"The interview process has been identified as one of the major barriers to employment of autistic individuals, which contributes to the staggering rate of under and unemployment of autistic adults. Decreasing stress during the interview has been shown to improve interview performance. However, in order to effectively provide insights on stress to both interviewees and interviewers, it is necessary to first effectively measure stress. This work explores physiological stress detection through wearable sensing as a means of obtaining quantitative stress measures from young autistic adults undergoing a virtual simulated interview using supervised machine learning techniques. Several supervised learning models were explored and it was found that Elastic Net Regression had the best accuracy with individual models with an accuracy of 84.8% while Support Vector Regression models evaluated with leave-one-out cross validation had a group accuracy of 75.4%. The predictions from the stress model were used with data visualization techniques in order to provide insights on the interview process from both a group and individual viewpoint, showing that stress trends can be found and evaluated using the stress model. This work also addresses a major gap in physiological stress detection literature by presenting a novel dataset of physiological data and ground truth labels for 15 autistic young adults undergoing a simulated interview.","PeriodicalId":54128,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","volume":"17 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Korbinian Kuhn, Verena Kersken, Benedikt Reuter, Niklas Egger, Gottfried Zimmermann
For d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) people, captioning is an essential accessibility tool. Significant developments in artificial intelligence (AI) mean that Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is now a part of many popular applications. This makes creating captions easy and broadly available - but transcription needs high levels of accuracy to be accessible. Scientific publications and industry report very low error rates, claiming AI has reached human parity or even outperforms manual transcription. At the same time the DHH community reports serious issues with the accuracy and reliability of ASR. There seems to be a mismatch between technical innovations and the real-life experience for people who depend on transcription. Independent and comprehensive data is needed to capture the state of ASR. We measured the performance of eleven common ASR services with recordings of Higher Education lectures. We evaluated the influence of technical conditions like streaming, the use of vocabularies, and differences between languages. Our results show that accuracy ranges widely between vendors and for the individual audio samples. We also measured a significant lower quality for streaming ASR, which is used for live events. Our study shows that despite the recent improvements of ASR, common services lack reliability in accuracy.
{"title":"Measuring the Accuracy of Automatic Speech Recognition Solutions","authors":"Korbinian Kuhn, Verena Kersken, Benedikt Reuter, Niklas Egger, Gottfried Zimmermann","doi":"10.1145/3636513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636513","url":null,"abstract":"For d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) people, captioning is an essential accessibility tool. Significant developments in artificial intelligence (AI) mean that Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is now a part of many popular applications. This makes creating captions easy and broadly available - but transcription needs high levels of accuracy to be accessible. Scientific publications and industry report very low error rates, claiming AI has reached human parity or even outperforms manual transcription. At the same time the DHH community reports serious issues with the accuracy and reliability of ASR. There seems to be a mismatch between technical innovations and the real-life experience for people who depend on transcription. Independent and comprehensive data is needed to capture the state of ASR. We measured the performance of eleven common ASR services with recordings of Higher Education lectures. We evaluated the influence of technical conditions like streaming, the use of vocabularies, and differences between languages. Our results show that accuracy ranges widely between vendors and for the individual audio samples. We also measured a significant lower quality for streaming ASR, which is used for live events. Our study shows that despite the recent improvements of ASR, common services lack reliability in accuracy.","PeriodicalId":54128,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","volume":"5 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Of the ∼8.8 million working-age adults with cognitive disabilities in the United States, only 28.6% are employed, contributing to a poverty rate (26.1%) for people with cognitive disabilities (PwCDs) that is more than twice that for people without disabilities. PwCDs who are employed are often still marginalized via reduced hours and pay, largely due to their more limited capability to perform work efficiently and independently. As evidence, warehouse and shelf stocking jobs that serve as employment for a significant percentage of PwCDs, often require frequent intervention from a job coach in the workplace, impacting the pay and self-esteem of these workers. This study's objective was to remove barriers to employment for PwCD through inclusive design of technology supports in warehouse and similar settings. Specifically, a nonlinear context-aware prompting system (NCAPS) was developed, iteratively refined, and tested. In a pilot crossover study, subjects with cognitive disabilities participated in simulated work sessions, picking orders in a small warehouse environment using the NCAPS and industry standard paper tickets. Their performance was assessed in terms of errors and productivity, and their insights and perspectives were gathered. The resulting NCAPS prevented or corrected all errors for all but one participant. It also increased productivity for participants with the poorest baseline (paper ticket) performance, but decreased productivity for those with high baseline performance. No significant difference was observed in system usability scale (SUS) scores between methods. Topics emerging from user input highlighted the need for technological supports for PwCD to be simple and flexible in operation, and reliable to maintain user trust. By prioritizing robustness and intuitiveness, flexible technology supports can be developed to empower workers with a broad range of abilities, including those with temporary and situational impairments. Such tools would reduce barriers to employment, including stigma, discrimination, and other barriers to equity.
{"title":"Helping or hindering: Inclusive Design of Automated Task Prompting for Workers with Cognitive Disabilities","authors":"Gavin R. Philips, Morris Huang, Cathy Bodine","doi":"10.1145/3628447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3628447","url":null,"abstract":"Of the ∼8.8 million working-age adults with cognitive disabilities in the United States, only 28.6% are employed, contributing to a poverty rate (26.1%) for people with cognitive disabilities (PwCDs) that is more than twice that for people without disabilities. PwCDs who are employed are often still marginalized via reduced hours and pay, largely due to their more limited capability to perform work efficiently and independently. As evidence, warehouse and shelf stocking jobs that serve as employment for a significant percentage of PwCDs, often require frequent intervention from a job coach in the workplace, impacting the pay and self-esteem of these workers. This study's objective was to remove barriers to employment for PwCD through inclusive design of technology supports in warehouse and similar settings. Specifically, a nonlinear context-aware prompting system (NCAPS) was developed, iteratively refined, and tested. In a pilot crossover study, subjects with cognitive disabilities participated in simulated work sessions, picking orders in a small warehouse environment using the NCAPS and industry standard paper tickets. Their performance was assessed in terms of errors and productivity, and their insights and perspectives were gathered. The resulting NCAPS prevented or corrected all errors for all but one participant. It also increased productivity for participants with the poorest baseline (paper ticket) performance, but decreased productivity for those with high baseline performance. No significant difference was observed in system usability scale (SUS) scores between methods. Topics emerging from user input highlighted the need for technological supports for PwCD to be simple and flexible in operation, and reliable to maintain user trust. By prioritizing robustness and intuitiveness, flexible technology supports can be developed to empower workers with a broad range of abilities, including those with temporary and situational impairments. Such tools would reduce barriers to employment, including stigma, discrimination, and other barriers to equity.","PeriodicalId":54128,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139311962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foad Hamidi, T. Kidane, P. M. Owuor, M. Hynie, Melanie Baljko
Do-It-Yourself assistive technologies (DIY-ATs) that can be designed, fabricated, or customized by non-technical individuals can enable people with disabilities and their community members to create and customize their own technological solutions. DIY-ATs may better fit user needs than mass-produced alternatives. Recently, researchers have started to explore the possibilities and challenges of using DIY-ATs in contexts other than the Global North, where access to digital ATs is limited. Previous research has not yet studied the perspectives of caregivers of children with disabilities towards these technologies. We present findings from an interview study with caregivers of children and youth with cognitive disabilities in Western Kenya who used a DIY-AT system as a research probe. Participants described how negative beliefs about people with disabilities result in social exclusion and discrimination and explained how increased opportunities for social interaction and learning mediated through DIY and other customizable ATs for their children could support their inclusion, safety, and access to future opportunities.
{"title":"Supporting Social Inclusion with DIY-ATs: Perspectives of Kenyan Caregivers of Children with Cognitive Disabilities","authors":"Foad Hamidi, T. Kidane, P. M. Owuor, M. Hynie, Melanie Baljko","doi":"10.1145/3616378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3616378","url":null,"abstract":"Do-It-Yourself assistive technologies (DIY-ATs) that can be designed, fabricated, or customized by non-technical individuals can enable people with disabilities and their community members to create and customize their own technological solutions. DIY-ATs may better fit user needs than mass-produced alternatives. Recently, researchers have started to explore the possibilities and challenges of using DIY-ATs in contexts other than the Global North, where access to digital ATs is limited. Previous research has not yet studied the perspectives of caregivers of children with disabilities towards these technologies. We present findings from an interview study with caregivers of children and youth with cognitive disabilities in Western Kenya who used a DIY-AT system as a research probe. Participants described how negative beliefs about people with disabilities result in social exclusion and discrimination and explained how increased opportunities for social interaction and learning mediated through DIY and other customizable ATs for their children could support their inclusion, safety, and access to future opportunities.","PeriodicalId":54128,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","volume":"47 1","pages":"1 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87838029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital musical instruments (DMIs) offer the possibility to create barrier-free access to active music-making and to unique sound aesthetics for a broad group of people, including those who experience disabling barriers to access when using traditional acoustic musical instruments. However, current music education research focuses primarily on app-based DMIs. Although these devices have numerous advantages, such as ubiquitous availability and flexibility, they may be experienced as disabling by people with severe cognitive or complex disabilities. Thus, they only partially exploit the potential of DMIs for special educational needs (SEN) music practices, which we outline in this article. However, given that no comprehensive studies have yet been conducted on the use of DMIs in SEN schools, the actual motives and barriers for SEN school teachers to employ different types of DMIs in class are largely unknown. To address this research gap, we present the results of a quantitative survey covering all SEN schools in 12 of Germany's 16 federal states. We surveyed the status quo of DMI use in SEN schools and the perceived potential of DMIs and DMI-related information needs from the music teachers’ perspective. Our findings demonstrate that DMIs are only rarely used in Germany, with the exception of established standard DMIs such as keyboards and music apps. Unfortunately, accessible DMIs (ADMIs) are hardly used. Related to the rare use of DMIs in SEN schools, we also identified a lack of domain-specific knowledge among music teachers and concluded that there was a need to develop DMIs specifically designed for use in classroom education. Finally, we discuss the potential of using open-source DMI technology as well as the importance of identifying music teachers’ attitudes during DMI development.
{"title":"Digital Musical Instruments in Special Educational Needs Schools: Requirements from the Music Teachers’ Perspective and the Status Quo in Germany","authors":"Andreas Förster, Steffen Lepa","doi":"10.1145/3616015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3616015","url":null,"abstract":"Digital musical instruments (DMIs) offer the possibility to create barrier-free access to active music-making and to unique sound aesthetics for a broad group of people, including those who experience disabling barriers to access when using traditional acoustic musical instruments. However, current music education research focuses primarily on app-based DMIs. Although these devices have numerous advantages, such as ubiquitous availability and flexibility, they may be experienced as disabling by people with severe cognitive or complex disabilities. Thus, they only partially exploit the potential of DMIs for special educational needs (SEN) music practices, which we outline in this article. However, given that no comprehensive studies have yet been conducted on the use of DMIs in SEN schools, the actual motives and barriers for SEN school teachers to employ different types of DMIs in class are largely unknown. To address this research gap, we present the results of a quantitative survey covering all SEN schools in 12 of Germany's 16 federal states. We surveyed the status quo of DMI use in SEN schools and the perceived potential of DMIs and DMI-related information needs from the music teachers’ perspective. Our findings demonstrate that DMIs are only rarely used in Germany, with the exception of established standard DMIs such as keyboards and music apps. Unfortunately, accessible DMIs (ADMIs) are hardly used. Related to the rare use of DMIs in SEN schools, we also identified a lack of domain-specific knowledge among music teachers and concluded that there was a need to develop DMIs specifically designed for use in classroom education. Finally, we discuss the potential of using open-source DMI technology as well as the importance of identifying music teachers’ attitudes during DMI development.","PeriodicalId":54128,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","volume":"41 1","pages":"1 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79248062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Music can be a catalyst for self-development, creative expression, and community building for blind or low vision (BLV) individuals. However, BLV music learners face complex obstacles in learning music. They are highly reliant on their learning environment and music teachers for accommodations and flexibility. Prior research identified the challenges faced by BLV musicians. Yet, limited research has addressed these challenges through the development of technology. Drawing upon the experience and suggestions of 40 BLV professional musicians, amateur musicians and music teachers (including sighted teachers with experience teaching blind students), we identified five themes: (1) Key Challenges of BLV Music Learning, (2) Personal Adaptations to Overcome Music Learning Challenges, (3) Perspectives on Current and Future Assistive Technologies, (4) Contention Between Braille Music and Auditory Learning, and (5) Role of Human Support for Music Learning. Together, these findings outline a path to make music learning more accessible to BLV people. To this end, we describe opportunities for enhanced audio cues for musical communication, recommend integrating vibrotactile feedback to aid music reading and design technology that supports independence and interdependence in music learning.
{"title":"“Why are there so many steps?”: Improving Access to Blind and Low Vision Music Learning through Personal Adaptations and Future Design Ideas","authors":"Leon Lu, K. Cochrane, Jin Kang, A. Girouard","doi":"10.1145/3615663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3615663","url":null,"abstract":"Music can be a catalyst for self-development, creative expression, and community building for blind or low vision (BLV) individuals. However, BLV music learners face complex obstacles in learning music. They are highly reliant on their learning environment and music teachers for accommodations and flexibility. Prior research identified the challenges faced by BLV musicians. Yet, limited research has addressed these challenges through the development of technology. Drawing upon the experience and suggestions of 40 BLV professional musicians, amateur musicians and music teachers (including sighted teachers with experience teaching blind students), we identified five themes: (1) Key Challenges of BLV Music Learning, (2) Personal Adaptations to Overcome Music Learning Challenges, (3) Perspectives on Current and Future Assistive Technologies, (4) Contention Between Braille Music and Auditory Learning, and (5) Role of Human Support for Music Learning. Together, these findings outline a path to make music learning more accessible to BLV people. To this end, we describe opportunities for enhanced audio cues for musical communication, recommend integrating vibrotactile feedback to aid music reading and design technology that supports independence and interdependence in music learning.","PeriodicalId":54128,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91172080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimitri Vargemidis, K. Gerling, V. Abeele, L. Geurts
Wearable activity trackers hold the promise of making older adults aware of their levels of physical activity (PA), encouraging them to remain or become physically active. However, little is known about older adults’ preferences regarding data visualizations of PA, which is of concern as many of the currently implemented visualizations strongly emphasize performance. In our work, we present findings from a study (N = 44) in which we combined semi-structured interviews and an online survey to explore different approaches towards visualizing PA data for older adults. Through thematic analysis and statistical analysis, we highlight that visualizations’ perceived usefulness and appeal is individual and mediated by the lived experiences of late life, and that the potential of performance and pleasure can be leveraged to be complementary. On this basis, we discuss design opportunities for visualizations of PA data specifically addressing the needs of older adults from the perspective of PA in late life.
{"title":"Performance and Pleasure: Exploring the Perceived Usefulness and Appeal of Physical Activity Data Visualizations with Older Adults","authors":"Dimitri Vargemidis, K. Gerling, V. Abeele, L. Geurts","doi":"10.1145/3615664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3615664","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable activity trackers hold the promise of making older adults aware of their levels of physical activity (PA), encouraging them to remain or become physically active. However, little is known about older adults’ preferences regarding data visualizations of PA, which is of concern as many of the currently implemented visualizations strongly emphasize performance. In our work, we present findings from a study (N = 44) in which we combined semi-structured interviews and an online survey to explore different approaches towards visualizing PA data for older adults. Through thematic analysis and statistical analysis, we highlight that visualizations’ perceived usefulness and appeal is individual and mediated by the lived experiences of late life, and that the potential of performance and pleasure can be leveraged to be complementary. On this basis, we discuss design opportunities for visualizations of PA data specifically addressing the needs of older adults from the perspective of PA in late life.","PeriodicalId":54128,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80315879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amira Ghenai, Philips Ayeni, Jing Yu, Robin R. Cohen, Karyn Moffatt
Social networking site (SNS) inaccessibility remains a barrier for many older adults. Increasingly, research has sought to address these shortcomings with recommendations for design. However, commercial uptake of these findings remains limited, in part, due to the scattering of recommendations across publications, heterogeneity in the SNS systems and features examined, and a lack of sensitivity within the existing guidelines to the heterogeneity of the target demographic. To counter these challenges, we conducted a systematic review following a thematic synthesis approach of 25 empirical studies on SNS design recommendations for older adults. From these, we synthesized a cohesive set of ten distinct design recommendations. These include ensuring an easy-to-use interface, improving social connection features, ensuring personal privacy, and introducing customized features and personalized content. In synthesizing the results, particular care was taken to capture the ways in which population diversity moderates recommendations. The results of this review can serve as a resource for designers and practitioners working on inclusive SNS for older adults. They also highlight the need for additional research into understanding user diversity in relation to SNS accessibility.
{"title":"Guidelines for Designing Social Networking Sites for Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Thematic Synthesis","authors":"Amira Ghenai, Philips Ayeni, Jing Yu, Robin R. Cohen, Karyn Moffatt","doi":"10.1145/3615662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3615662","url":null,"abstract":"Social networking site (SNS) inaccessibility remains a barrier for many older adults. Increasingly, research has sought to address these shortcomings with recommendations for design. However, commercial uptake of these findings remains limited, in part, due to the scattering of recommendations across publications, heterogeneity in the SNS systems and features examined, and a lack of sensitivity within the existing guidelines to the heterogeneity of the target demographic. To counter these challenges, we conducted a systematic review following a thematic synthesis approach of 25 empirical studies on SNS design recommendations for older adults. From these, we synthesized a cohesive set of ten distinct design recommendations. These include ensuring an easy-to-use interface, improving social connection features, ensuring personal privacy, and introducing customized features and personalized content. In synthesizing the results, particular care was taken to capture the ways in which population diversity moderates recommendations. The results of this review can serve as a resource for designers and practitioners working on inclusive SNS for older adults. They also highlight the need for additional research into understanding user diversity in relation to SNS accessibility.","PeriodicalId":54128,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","volume":"29 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88919371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I am pleased to present three articles that are extended versions of conference papers presented at the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS’21). Authors of accepted full papers were invited to submit a proposal of an extended version to be submitted to TACCESS, of which a subset submitted a manuscript for consideration. All papers submitted underwent a full review process for ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS). The guest editor for this issue is João Guerreiro (LASIGE, University of Lisbon, Portugal). The guest editor thanks the authors for their excellent submissions and also thanks all of the journal reviewers who contributed their time and expertise to this process. The first article, “The Design and Prototyping of an App to Teach Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities to Empower Them Against Abuse” presents the design and prototyping of Recognize, an app that empowers adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities to independently learn about abuse. The findings suggest Recognize as a viable solution, and the authors discuss the implications for the deployment of future versions of Recognize or similar applications. The second article, “Understanding the Usages, Life-Cycle, and Opportunities of Screen Readers’ Plugins” investigates the usage of screen reader plugins, focusing on why and how these plugins are used. The findings showcase a variety of reasons for using plugins, as well as challenges and opportunities – e.g., the authors recommend a plugin-based distribution model, benefiting from a community-driven repository. The third article, “How the Alt Text Gets Made: What Roles and Processes of Alt Text Creation Can Teach Us About Inclusive Imagery” presents a study of image accessibility production practices in a company. The findings provide insights into four different types of alt-text production processes. The authors discuss its implications for future research and changes to production processes.
我很高兴地介绍三篇文章，它们是在第22届国际ACM SIGACCESS计算机和可访问性会议(ASSETS ' 21)上发表的会议论文的扩展版本。被接受的论文全文的作者被邀请提交一份扩展版本的提案提交给TACCESS，其中一个子集提交了一份手稿供审议。所有提交的论文都经过了ACM可访问计算汇刊(TACCESS)的全面审查过程。本期的客座编辑是jo o Guerreiro(葡萄牙里斯本大学LASIGE)。特邀编辑感谢作者们出色的投稿，也感谢所有在此过程中贡献时间和专业知识的期刊审稿人。第一篇文章，“教有智力和发育障碍的成年人抵抗虐待的应用程序的设计和原型”介绍了recognition的设计和原型，这是一款让有智力和发育障碍的成年人独立学习虐待的应用程序。研究结果表明，识别是一种可行的解决方案，作者讨论了未来版本的识别或类似应用程序部署的含义。第二篇文章“了解屏幕阅读器插件的用法、生命周期和机会”调查了屏幕阅读器插件的用法，重点介绍了为什么使用这些插件以及如何使用这些插件。研究结果展示了使用插件的各种原因，以及挑战和机遇——例如，作者推荐基于插件的发行模型，受益于社区驱动的存储库。第三篇文章“Alt文本是如何制作的:Alt文本创作的角色和过程可以教会我们关于包容性图像”，展示了对一家公司图像可访问性生产实践的研究。这些发现提供了对四种不同类型的替代文本生产过程的见解。作者讨论了其对未来研究和生产过程变化的影响。
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on ASSETS’21","authors":"João Guerreiro","doi":"10.1145/3605947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3605947","url":null,"abstract":"I am pleased to present three articles that are extended versions of conference papers presented at the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS’21). Authors of accepted full papers were invited to submit a proposal of an extended version to be submitted to TACCESS, of which a subset submitted a manuscript for consideration. All papers submitted underwent a full review process for ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS). The guest editor for this issue is João Guerreiro (LASIGE, University of Lisbon, Portugal). The guest editor thanks the authors for their excellent submissions and also thanks all of the journal reviewers who contributed their time and expertise to this process. The first article, “The Design and Prototyping of an App to Teach Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities to Empower Them Against Abuse” presents the design and prototyping of Recognize, an app that empowers adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities to independently learn about abuse. The findings suggest Recognize as a viable solution, and the authors discuss the implications for the deployment of future versions of Recognize or similar applications. The second article, “Understanding the Usages, Life-Cycle, and Opportunities of Screen Readers’ Plugins” investigates the usage of screen reader plugins, focusing on why and how these plugins are used. The findings showcase a variety of reasons for using plugins, as well as challenges and opportunities – e.g., the authors recommend a plugin-based distribution model, benefiting from a community-driven repository. The third article, “How the Alt Text Gets Made: What Roles and Processes of Alt Text Creation Can Teach Us About Inclusive Imagery” presents a study of image accessibility production practices in a company. The findings provide insights into four different types of alt-text production processes. The authors discuss its implications for future research and changes to production processes.","PeriodicalId":54128,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","volume":"75 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86360947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we introduce Semantic Interior Mapology (SIM), a web app that allows anyone to quickly trace the floor plan of a building, generating a vectorized representation that can be automatically converted into a tactile map at the desired scale. The design of SIM is informed by a focus group with seven blind participants. Maps generated by SIM at two different scales have been tested by a user study with 10 participants, who were asked to perform a number of tasks designed to ascertain the spatial knowledge acquired through map exploration. These tasks included cross-map pointing and path finding, and determination of turn direction/walker orientation during imagined path traversal. By and large, participants were able to successfully complete the tasks, suggesting that these types of maps could be useful for pre-journey spatial learning.
{"title":"Experimental Evaluation of Multi-scale Tactile Maps Created with SIM, a Web App for Indoor Map Authoring.","authors":"Viet Trinh, Roberto Manduchi, Nicholas A Giudice","doi":"10.1145/3590775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we introduce Semantic Interior Mapology (SIM), a web app that allows anyone to quickly trace the floor plan of a building, generating a vectorized representation that can be automatically converted into a tactile map at the desired scale. The design of SIM is informed by a focus group with seven blind participants. Maps generated by SIM at two different scales have been tested by a user study with 10 participants, who were asked to perform a number of tasks designed to ascertain the spatial knowledge acquired through map exploration. These tasks included cross-map pointing and path finding, and determination of turn direction/walker orientation during imagined path traversal. By and large, participants were able to successfully complete the tasks, suggesting that these types of maps could be useful for pre-journey spatial learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":54128,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","volume":"16 2","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10327626/pdf/nihms-1909104.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9812542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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