Reconstruction of the Atrophic Ridge with Staged approaches with the Autogenous Bone Block and Dental Implant: Case Reports and Literature Review

Abstract

Dental implant is a common choice for rehabilitation of edentulous areas in modern dentistry. However, alveolar bone destruction due to severe periodontitis, trauma, or other pathological conditions may compromise implant placement in an idea position. Ridge augmentation with autogenous bone blocks can be used to reconstruct the deficiency of the alveolar bone. This article reviewed about the relevant literatures and reported two cases of severe ridge atro¬phy using staged approaches with ridge augmentation using autogenous bone block grafting and implant placement for reconstruction. Case 1 showed alveolar bone destruction caused by severe periodontitis at left maxillary region, which was augmented with the autogenous bone block harvested from mandibular symphysis in combination with FDBA and collagen membrane. Case 2 presented alveolar ridge deficiency after tooth extraction due to severe periodontitis. Ridge augmentation was performed using autogenous bone block harvested from the mandibular ramus along with FDBA and collagen membrane. Both cases showed increased bone volume after ridge augmentation. Implants were successful and presented stable bone level for a follow up period at least one year after implant surgery. The literature review and case reports suggest that with appropriate case selection, careful treatment, and regular maintenance, using autogenous block bone grafts harvested from the mandibular symphysis or ramus for ridge augmentation and implant placement can achieve predictable outcomes.