Incidence and Correlates of Preterm Birth at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital

Abstract

Born before completing 37 weeks of gestation or 259 days from the first day of a woman's last menstrual period, preterm birth, as per WHO, is the leading cause of infant mortality globally. In 2013, it accounted for 1 million out of 6.3 million deaths among children under 5. While predominantly affecting developing nations, its impact extends worldwide, influencing maternal health and the survival challenges faced by premature infants. An investigation aimed to discern the prevalence of preterm birth and its associated factors at HRRH was conducted. This cross-sectional, institution-based study assessed mothers delivering newborns at HRRH from March 1st to 31st, 2021. A sample of 60 mothers was selected using simple sampling techniques. Face-to-face interviews with structured questionnaires gathered data, which was coded, organized manually, and analyzed using SPSS for descriptive parameters. The study revealed a 33% prevalence rate of preterm birth. Risk factors identified included a history of preterm labor (P=1.00), premature rupture of membranes (P=<0.001), urinary tract infection during pregnancy (P=0.01), hypertension during pregnancy (P=0.836), history of malaria during pregnancy (P=0.003), and infant gender (P=0.144). Recognizing pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery and enhancing healthcare quality, community health education, and awareness campaigns are crucial steps to mitigate the incidence and consequences of preterm birth. Moreover, further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to explore additional associations leading to preterm birth. Keywords: prevalence, risk factors, preterm birth