Classification of the Human Image in the Eastern Halychyna Monumental Art of the Early 20th Century

Abstract

Eastern Halychyna has always been a territory on the border between the cultural paradigms of the East and the West. At the end of the 19th - the first third of the 20th cen. this region became the center of the multicultural environment formation, where certain typological groups of anthropomorphic images were determined at the regional-provincial level. It was reflected in monumental art, in particular temple murals, stained glass and mosaics, as well as architectural decor and monumental sculptural plastic, such as monuments and plastic tombstones. The subject of this research is the characteristic features of the images of the Human in the interiors, exteriors and spatial environment of the cities, towns and villages of Eastern Halychyna of the Early 20th century. The relevance of this topic arises from the fact that, as a result of long-term silence, concealment and destruction, the artifacts of the outlined period have been introduced into scientific circulation only in the last three decades and require not only a final description and fixation, but also analysis and systematization, which have not yet been fully carried out. At the same time, the monumental art of that time developed on the basis of art synthesis, therefore there is actually a need to outline certain pictorial typological groups for their classification and more detailed study. The research method is the classification of the most characteristic images, taking into account the philosophical and aesthetic principles of contemporary anthropomorphic imagery and the artistic and stylistic features of the work of artists of the specified period. Main scientific issue is in the circulation and research of several little-known works of monumental art of Eastern Halychyna of the first third of the 20th cen. and the formation of several typological groups of human images as proposal for their classification. It is based on the analysis of the largest and most representative examples of the monumental art of Eastern Halychyna in sculpture and painting of that time. In conclusion three large typological groups were formed: biblical-mythological, historical (national)-symbolic and symbolic-impersonal images in the monumental art of Eastern Halychyna of the Early 20th century.