White Supremacist and Racist Opinion in America 1940s–2018

Robert C. Smith, Richard Seltzer, Ayana Best
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Abstract

Since the 2008 presidential election of Barack Obama the United States has seen a significant increase in white supremacist and overtly racist attitudes. The rise of the Tea Party in 2009 and numerous other Alt-right conservative movements seemed to foreshadow the election of a presidential candidate like Donald Trump. During his presidency, Donald Trump was arguably the first openly white supremacist and racist president since Woodrow Wilson. He referred to Black Americans as lazy, and Mexicans as rapists and spewed anti-Asian rhetoric throughout his speeches. This paper examines how white supremacist and racist attitudes have changed over time. Using the American National Elections Survey (ANES) and the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) survey data from the 1940s through 2018, we descriptively show the salience of white racist attitudes and their effect on the 2016 presidential election.
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1940 年代至 2018 年美国的白人至上主义和种族主义舆论
自 2008 年巴拉克-奥巴马当选总统以来,美国的白人至上主义和明显的种族主义态度明显抬头。茶党(Tea Party)在 2009 年的崛起以及其他许多右翼保守运动似乎预示着唐纳德-特朗普这样的总统候选人的当选。在担任总统期间,唐纳德-特朗普可以说是自伍德罗-威尔逊以来第一位公开宣扬白人至上主义和种族主义的总统。他把美国黑人称为懒鬼,把墨西哥人称为强奸犯,并在演讲中到处散布反亚洲言论。本文探讨了白人至上主义和种族主义态度随着时间的推移发生了怎样的变化。利用美国全国选举调查(ANES)和美国全国舆论研究中心(NORC)从 20 世纪 40 年代到 2018 年的调查数据,我们描述性地展示了白人种族主义态度的显著性及其对 2016 年总统选举的影响。
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