Comparison of the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of Core and NS3 candidate HCV vaccines on the cellular immune response.

IF 1.4 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY American journal of clinical and experimental immunology Pub Date : 2023-12-15 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01
Kiandokht Borhani, Taravat Bamdad, Ava Hashempour, Amir Salek Farrokhi, Javad Moayedi
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Abstract

Currently, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects nearly 3% of the global population, the majority of whom are chronically infected; however, hepatitis C vaccines are still in the developmental stage. Numerous studies suggest that the spontaneous resolution of HCV infection and the design of its vaccine are reliant on vital contributions from CTL cell responses and T regulatory cells. Multiple researchers have identified both Core and nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) proteins as crucial immune genes and potential candidates for HCV DNA vaccine design. In this study, Core and NS3 were subcloned and inserted into pcDNA3.1 to construct HCV DNA vaccines administered in mouse models. Furthermore, the effects of Core and NS3 on the induction of CTL and NK were compared in spleen mouse models using the LDH method. Additionally, flow cytometry was employed to investigate the percentage of T regulatory cells (Treg cells) and cells expressing PD-1 in the spleens of the mouse models. Our data indicated that pcDNA3.1+NS3 and pcDNA3.1+Core could enhance CTL and NK activity in mouse models. Importantly, the Treg and PD-1 analysis in mouse models revealed a substantial reduction in the proportions of CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+ T cells and PD-1+ cells in experimental subjects treated with HCV NS3 along with 5 mg/kg of lenalidomide, utilized as a novel adjuvant, compared to those administered an equivalent dosage of lenalidomide in conjunction with HCV Core. In conclusion, our observations indicated that the NS3-HCV gene had a limited impact on the activation of inhibitory factors. Therefore, NS3 is considered a more suitable candidate for DNA vaccine design compared to Core HCV.

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比较核心和 NS3 候选 HCV 疫苗对细胞免疫反应的抑制和刺激作用。
目前,丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染了全球近 3% 的人口,其中大多数是慢性感染者;然而,丙型肝炎疫苗仍处于开发阶段。大量研究表明,HCV 感染的自发缓解及其疫苗的设计依赖于 CTL 细胞反应和 T 调节细胞的重要贡献。许多研究人员发现,核心蛋白和非结构蛋白 3 (NS3) 蛋白是关键的免疫基因,也是设计 HCV DNA 疫苗的潜在候选基因。在本研究中,Core 和 NS3 被亚克隆并插入 pcDNA3.1 中,用于构建小鼠模型中的 HCV DNA 疫苗。此外,还使用 LDH 方法比较了 Core 和 NS3 在脾脏小鼠模型中诱导 CTL 和 NK 的效果。此外,我们还采用流式细胞术研究了小鼠模型脾脏中T调节细胞(Treg细胞)和表达PD-1细胞的百分比。我们的数据表明,pcDNA3.1+NS3 和 pcDNA3.1+Core 能增强小鼠模型中 CTL 和 NK 的活性。重要的是,在小鼠模型中进行的Treg和PD-1分析表明,在使用HCV NS3和5毫克/千克来那度胺治疗的实验对象中,CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+ T细胞和PD-1+细胞的比例大大降低。总之,我们的观察结果表明,NS3-HCV 基因对抑制因子的激活影响有限。因此,与核心 HCV 相比,NS3 被认为是更适合设计 DNA 疫苗的候选基因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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