American journal of clinical and experimental immunology最新文献

In recent years, complex interactions between intratumoral bacteria and neutrophils have been identified as significant factors in tumor occurrence and development. This commentary synthesizes findings from the past five years to explore these interactions. It is observed that during tumor progression, intratumoral bacteria promote neutrophil infiltration and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which in turn drive tumor development and metastasis. Conversely, infiltrating neutrophils are also capable of slowing tumor progression by limiting the number of intratumoral bacteria. This dual role underscores a potential avenue for improving cancer treatment outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of core stabilization training based on biofeedback for postpartum rectus abdominis muscle separation.

Methods: Thirty patients aged 20-35 years with rectus diastasis after pregnancy were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The control group received routine core stabilization training, including abdominal breathing training, bridge exercises and kneeling abdominal exercises. The experimental group performed core stabilization training based on biofeedback. Before and after intervention, rectus abdominis muscle distance, waist circumference and abdominal circumference were evaluated in the two groups, and rectus abdominis muscle separation, waist circumference and abdominal circumference improvement were analyzed in the two groups.

Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05), and there was significant difference between the two groups after treatment and before treatment. After treatment, the experimental group was further improved compared with the control group. After treatment, the distance between rectus muscles, abdominal circumference and waist circumference in both groups were decreased compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05). The distance between rectus muscles, abdominal circumference and waist circumference of the experimental group were smaller than those of the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Core stabilization training based on biofeedback can effectively improve the symptoms of patients with postpartum rectus diastasis, help to reduce waist circumference and abdominal circumference, and accelerate the recovery of postpartum body shape.

Background: Adiponectin (AQ) plays a role in regulating immune responses. Previous research indicates that B cells can affect T cell transmigration via the adiponectin-induced peptide PEPITEM in Caucasians. This study explores whether this mechanism is also applicable to Saudi populations, considering potential ethnic variations in immune response.

Methods: We conducted unbiased peptidomic screen on B cells, NK cells, and monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of male healthy Saudi donors. The cells were stimulated with AQ, and the secretion of PEPITEM and other peptides was assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Flow cytometry was utilized to confirm the purity of isolated cell populations and to verify the expression of adiponectin receptors AR1 and AR2.

Results: PEPITEM was not detected in the supernatants of AQ-stimulated B cells, NK cells, or monocytes. All three cell populations were isolated and purified with high purity, confirmed by flow cytometry showing AR1 and AR2 expression on the surface of these cells. Specifically, less than 47% of B cells expressed ARs, with AR1 at 12% and AR2 at 17%. AQ stimulation increased the number of identified peptides in B cells and monocytes but decreased peptide numbers in NK cells. Dimensionality reduction analysis demonstrated clear segregation of cell types, with strong reproducibility across technical replicates.

Conclusion: The inability of B cells to release PEPITEM in response to AQ stimulation is an interesting finding and it needs more confirmatory tests and experiments, however; a hypothesis about the impact of predisposing factors, such as ethnicity could be formulated and tested in the future.

A large number of studies have shown the association of kidney disease with viral infections in the body. Viral infections cause kidney injury in two manners, the systemic inflammation (cytokine storm) and the direct infection of kidney cells. Concerning direct viral infection of podocytes, the mechanism underlying virus-induced podocyte injury remains largely unknown and requires effective experimental models to facilitate its study. Here, we performed molecular characterization of immortalized human podocyte cell line (HPC) infected with lentivirus by RNA-seq. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a strong innate immune response in the cells, including interferon production and signaling. Meanwhile, activations of ferroptosis pathway and TNF-alpha signaling were also found, consistent with an impaired viability of the cells. Lentiviral infection also upregulated expression of APOL1 as observed in patients with HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Interestingly, when the lentiviral infected cells were treated with Adriamycin (ADR), the ADR-associated signaling pathways were not interfered and remained activated as that in the cells treated with ADR only, suggesting that the virus and ADR have distinct mechanisms in damaging podocytes. Thus, the lentivirus-infected HPC cells represent a useful in vitro model of viral infection-associated podocytopathy.

A retrieval of relevant literature on hepatic nodular lesions, gastric cancer (GC), and Crohn's disease (CD) was conducted from Chinese and English databases. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software and the MIDAS package in Stata 18.0. Results from 11 studies comprising 1847 patients were synthesized. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were: 0.91 (0.84-0.95), 0.73 (0.65-0.79), 3.30 (2.60-4.30), 0.13 (0.07-0.23), and 26.00 (12.00-53.00), respectively. Significant statistical heterogeneity was found in sensitivity and specificity (P<0.05), with specificity heterogeneity originating from n, type, and mode (P<0.05). Sensitivity and specificity for n, type, object, and mode were non-heterogeneous (P>0.05). The combined AUC from SROC curve analysis of the 11 studies was 0.85. Deeks' funnel plot asymmetry test yielded a p-value of 0.01, indicating potential bias across studies in the diagnostic odds ratio funnel plot. Fagan's nomogram demonstrated that using CT for diagnostic modeling increased the post-test probability of correctly diagnosing hepatic nodular lesions, GC, and CD from 50.00% to 77.00%. Overall, multi-detector CT shows good diagnostic value for hepatic nodular lesions, GC, and CD, supporting its clinical flexibility based on patient-specific considerations.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of surface electromyography combined with a spine 3D data system.

Methods: 10 idiopathic scoliosis patients (age: 12.90±3.67 years, height: 155.90±20.07 cm, weight: 48.00±12.86 kg, 6 major thoracic lateral bends and 4 lumbar bends) who were selected to attend the outpatient clinic of Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital, First diagnosed as scoliosis by imaging examination (EOS system), evaluation by using the surface electromyography monitoring system, the radiation-free 3D spine data acquisition and analysis system, the surface electromyography of the paravertebral muscles (root mean square value (RMS) of the resting standing and action position of the spine) and the Cobb angle of scoliosis were recorded.

Results: The RMS of the convex side was larger than that of the concave side in the two postures (P<0.05), and The RMS value of bilateral action position was significantly higher than that of rest position (P<0.05). There was no correlation between RMS ratio and Cobb angle in two positions of thoracic scoliosis (P>0.05). There was a significant correlation between the RMS ratio at rest position of lumbar scoliosis and Cobb angle. At rest, the RMS value of convex side was significantly correlated with the Cobb angle measured by the EOS system and the 3D data system (P<0.05, of which P<0.01). The Cobb angle measured by 3D data system and the EOS system was significantly correlated (P<0.01).

Conclusion: Surface EMG can be used to evaluate the motor function of paravertebral muscles on both sides of scoliosis patients. The new 3D data system has high accuracy in evaluating scoliosis. The combination of the two can dynamically evaluate scoliosis, which is more clinically effective.

Recent studies have shown that ultrashort plasma cell-free DNA (uscfDNA), a novel type of cfDNA fragment approximately 50 nucleotides long, differs from conventional monocyte-derived cfDNA in several aspects, including specific extraction requirements and a higher incidence of tumor-specific genetic alterations. uscfDNA shows promise in enhancing liquid biopsy sensitivity for cancer detection, with distinct methylation profiles observed in cancer patients. These findings suggest uscfDNA analysis could significantly improve non-invasive cancer diagnostics, offering new avenues for early detection and personalized medicine strategies.

As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve, mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have significantly decreased. However, a variable proportion of patients exhibit persistent prolonged symptoms of COVID-19 infection (long COVID). This virus primarily attacks respiratory system, but numerous individuals complain persistent skeletal muscle pain or worsening pre-existing muscle pain post COVID-19, which severely affects the quality of life and recovery. Currently, there is limited research on the skeletal muscle pain in long COVID. In this brief review, we review potential pathological mechanisms of skeletal muscle pain in long COVID, and summarize the various auxiliary examinations and treatments for skeletal muscle pain in long COVID. We consider abnormal activation of inflammatory response, myopathy, and neurological damages as pivotal pathological mechanisms of skeletal muscle pain in long COVID. A comprehensive examination is significantly important in order to work out effective treatment plans and relieve skeletal muscle pain. So far, rehabilitation interventions for myalgia in long COVID contain but are not limited to drug, nutraceutical therapy, gut microbiome-targeted therapy, interventional therapy and strength training. Our study provides a potential mechanism reference for clinical researches, highlighting the importance of comprehensive approach and management of skeletal muscle pain in long COVID. The relief of skeletal muscle pain will accelerate rehabilitation process, improve activities of daily living and enhance the quality of life, promoting individuals return to society with profound significance.

Background: Gout is closely tied to metabolism, yet there is limited evidence on how metabolites may cause or prevent the condition.

Methods: This study utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between 1,400 serum metabolites and gout. We primarily employed the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method to estimate causal effects, supplemented by MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode for comprehensive evaluations. Additionally, we conducted tests for pleiotropy and heterogeneity.

Results: After a rigorous selection process, we identified eight known metabolites and four unknown metabolites associated with gout. Among the eight known metabolites, Glucuronide of piperine metabolite C17H21NO3 and the Phosphate to mannose ratio were positively associated with an increased risk of gout. Conversely, levels of 5 alpha-androstan-3 beta, 17 alpha-diol disulfate, Pantoate, N-carbamoylalanine, Sphingomyelin (d18:0/20:0, d16:0/22:0), Hydroxypalmitoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0(OH)), and Mannose were linked to a decreased risk of gout.

Conclusion: This study identified eight metabolites from 1,400 blood samples significantly linked to gout risk. Integrating genomics and metabolomics offers valuable insights for gout screening and prevention, indicating that specific blood metabolites can help identify individuals at higher risk.

Mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can significantly impact cellular function during cancer development. A comprehensive analysis of their mutation patterns and significant gene ontology terms can provide insights into cancer emergence and suggest potential targets for drug development. This study analyzes twelve cancer subtypes by focusing on significant genetic and molecular factors. Two common genetic mutations associated with cancer are single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number alterations (CNAs). Oncogenes, derived from mutated proto-oncogenes, disrupt normal cell functions and promote cancer, while tumor suppressor genes, often inactivated by mutations, regulate cell processes like proliferation and DNA damage response. This study analyzed datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), which provides extensive genomic data across various cancers. In our analysis results, many genes with significant p-values based on Kaplan Meier gene expression data were identified in eight cancers (BRCA, BLCA, HNSC, KIRC, LUAD, KIRP, LUSC, STAD). Moreover, STAD is the only cancer for genes with both significant p-values and functional terms reported. Interestingly, we found that LIHC was the cancer reported with only one CNA mutated gene and its survival plot p-value being significant. Additionally, KICH has no reported significant genes at all. Our study proposed the relationship between tumor suppressor and oncogenes and shed light on cancer tumorigenesis due to genetic mutations.