Evaluation of Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Studies for the Development of Quality Control Parameters for Stem Bark of Ximenia americana Linn. (Olacaceae)

B. Kumudhaveni, Ramalingam Radha, Margesan Thirumal, Rajkishore Vijayabharathi
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Abstract

Plants are extremely useful to humankind as medicine, and hence the properties of medicinal plants have to be scientifically evaluated. The aim of this study is to establish pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters for stem bark of Ximenia americana Linn. (Olacaceae). Macroscopical, microscopical evaluation, powder microscopical studies, quantitative microscopy, physicochemical evaluation, fluorescence analysis, analysis of inorganic elements, and determination of heavy metal contamination were performed as per the World Health Organization guidelines and standard methods. To evaluate various phytoconstituents, phytochemical investigations such as preliminary phytochemical screening, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography were performed. Microscopical studies showed the presence of thick cortex, periderm cells, phloem parenchyma, phloem fibers, sieve elements, prismatic and granular calcium oxalate crystals, and resinous cells. The length and width of fibers, stone cells, and diameter of starch grains were measured. Physicochemical evaluation like ash values has shown total ash – 8.01% ± 0.02% w/w, acid-insoluble ash – 1.53% ± 0.02% w/w, water-soluble ash – 1.54% ± 0.01% w/w, sulfated ash – 12.02% ± 0.07% w/w, water-soluble hot extraction – 26.48 ± 0.02% w/w, cold maceration – 11.76% ± 0.04% w/w, alcohol soluble – 15.69% ± 0.03%w/w, ether soluble – 2.06% ± 0.03% w/w, and loss on drying – 4.88% ± 0.01% w/w. Pharmacognostical study on the stem bark of Ximenia americana may be reported as first. The results of pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies will be helpful for authentication and provide quality control parameters for the stem bark of this plant.
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评估药理和植物化学研究以制定茜草(Olacaceae)茎皮的质量控制参数
植物作为药物对人类极为有用,因此必须对药用植物的特性进行科学评估。 本研究的目的是确定美洲茜草(Olacaceae)茎皮的药理和植物化学参数。 根据世界卫生组织的指导方针和标准方法,对茎皮进行了宏观和显微评价、粉末显微研究、定量显微镜检查、理化评价、荧光分析、无机元素分析以及重金属污染测定。为了评估各种植物成分,进行了植物化学调查,如初步植物化学筛选、高效薄层色谱法和高效液相色谱法。 显微镜研究显示了厚皮层、表皮细胞、韧皮部实质、韧皮部纤维、筛分元件、棱柱状和颗粒状草酸钙晶体以及树脂细胞的存在。对纤维、石细胞的长度和宽度以及淀粉粒的直径进行了测量。灰分值等理化评估结果显示,总灰分 - 8.01% ± 0.02% w/w,酸不溶性灰分 - 1.53% ± 0.02% w/w,水溶性灰分 - 1.54% ± 0.01% w/w,硫酸盐灰分 - 12.02% ± 0.07% w/w,水溶性灰分 - 1.54% ± 0.01% w/w,硫酸盐灰分 - 12.02% ± 0.07% w/w。07% w/w,水溶性热提取 - 26.48 ± 0.02% w/w,冷浸渍 - 11.76% ± 0.04% w/w,醇溶性 - 15.69% ± 0.03% w/w,醚溶性 - 2.06% ± 0.03% w/w,干燥损失 - 4.88% ± 0.01% w/w。 关于 Ximenia americana 茎皮的药理研究可能是第一个报告。药理和植物化学研究的结果将有助于鉴定这种植物的茎皮,并提供质量控制参数。
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