Asha Thomas, Madhura Dapkekar, D. Nagore, Rohit Doke, Nilam Bankar, Namita S. Surve
Context: In wound management, traditional use of plants has received attention by the scientific community, as traditional medicines are a valuable source of affordable, comprehensive medical care. Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) and Nigella sativa Linn (Black cumin) are well-known versatile medicinal plants with wide spectrum of biological activity. Methods: This study was undertaken to evaluate the wound healing activity of neem oil (NO) and black cumin oil (BCO) in rats. The oils were standardized using standard procedures. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis and high-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting of oils were carried out to identify major phytoconstituents present in the oils. The oils were suitably incorporated in carbopol-based emulgel formulation, evaluated for physicochemical parameters and stability. Results: The wound healing potential assessed by the measurement of wound contraction and histopathology studies in excision and burn wound models, demonstrated comparable efficacy with standard nano-crystalline silver gel (0.002% w/w). This may be attributed to the presence of phytoconstituents such as nimbidin and thymoquinone present in selected oils. Polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of BCO may be responsible for stimulating the release of vascular endothelial growth factor, which plays a significant role in accelerating wound healing process. Conclusion: Topical carbopol-934 base emulgel containing natural oils such as BCO and NO have been successfully prepared for wound management. However, further studies to establish the mechanistic aspects of wound healing needs to be undertaken.
{"title":"Herbal emulgel containing Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Nigella Sativa L. (Black Cumin) oils in wound management: Preclinical investigations","authors":"Asha Thomas, Madhura Dapkekar, D. Nagore, Rohit Doke, Nilam Bankar, Namita S. Surve","doi":"10.4103/asl.asl_109_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.asl_109_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: In wound management, traditional use of plants has received attention by the scientific community, as traditional medicines are a valuable source of affordable, comprehensive medical care. Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) and Nigella sativa Linn (Black cumin) are well-known versatile medicinal plants with wide spectrum of biological activity. Methods: This study was undertaken to evaluate the wound healing activity of neem oil (NO) and black cumin oil (BCO) in rats. The oils were standardized using standard procedures. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis and high-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting of oils were carried out to identify major phytoconstituents present in the oils. The oils were suitably incorporated in carbopol-based emulgel formulation, evaluated for physicochemical parameters and stability. Results: The wound healing potential assessed by the measurement of wound contraction and histopathology studies in excision and burn wound models, demonstrated comparable efficacy with standard nano-crystalline silver gel (0.002% w/w). This may be attributed to the presence of phytoconstituents such as nimbidin and thymoquinone present in selected oils. Polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of BCO may be responsible for stimulating the release of vascular endothelial growth factor, which plays a significant role in accelerating wound healing process. Conclusion: Topical carbopol-934 base emulgel containing natural oils such as BCO and NO have been successfully prepared for wound management. However, further studies to establish the mechanistic aspects of wound healing needs to be undertaken.","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In the present scenario, ayurvedic drugs and their formulations need standardization to understand their pharmacokinetics and to prevent any safety issues. Shadanga Paniya (SP) is a classical ayurvedic formulation composed of six herbs and most of the constituent herbs have been shown the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and total phenolic contents (TPC). Materials and Methods: Preliminary qualitative estimations of alkaloids, flavonoids, and TPC in SP formulation and its constituent herbs were done using Dragendroff's method, sodium hydroxide solution, and ferric chloride solution. The quantitative estimations were done using bromocresol green, aluminum chloride colorimetric method, and Folin–Ciocalteu's phenol reagent method. Statistical Analysis Used: All the qualitative and quantitative analyses were replicated in three independent assays, and the results were reported as a mean ± standard deviation. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that constituent herbs of SP formulation have the presence of flavonoids and total phenolic acid, whereas alkaloid was only found in Vetiveria zizanioides herb. The quantitative estimation of alkaloids, total flavonoids, and total phenolic acid contents of SP formulation was found as 86.105 ± 6.4 mgAE/g, 87.8 ± 4.0 mgRE/g, and 105.8 ± 3.8 mgGAE/g, respectively. This is the first report on the phytochemical estimation of SP formulation.
{"title":"Quantitative estimation of secondary metabolites of shadanga paniya classical ayurvedic formulation and constituent herbs","authors":"Rajni Sharma, Preeti Chanalia, Aditi Sharma, Manish Kumar, Baldev Kumar","doi":"10.4103/asl.asl_30_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.asl_30_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the present scenario, ayurvedic drugs and their formulations need standardization to understand their pharmacokinetics and to prevent any safety issues. Shadanga Paniya (SP) is a classical ayurvedic formulation composed of six herbs and most of the constituent herbs have been shown the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and total phenolic contents (TPC). Materials and Methods: Preliminary qualitative estimations of alkaloids, flavonoids, and TPC in SP formulation and its constituent herbs were done using Dragendroff's method, sodium hydroxide solution, and ferric chloride solution. The quantitative estimations were done using bromocresol green, aluminum chloride colorimetric method, and Folin–Ciocalteu's phenol reagent method. Statistical Analysis Used: All the qualitative and quantitative analyses were replicated in three independent assays, and the results were reported as a mean ± standard deviation. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that constituent herbs of SP formulation have the presence of flavonoids and total phenolic acid, whereas alkaloid was only found in Vetiveria zizanioides herb. The quantitative estimation of alkaloids, total flavonoids, and total phenolic acid contents of SP formulation was found as 86.105 ± 6.4 mgAE/g, 87.8 ± 4.0 mgRE/g, and 105.8 ± 3.8 mgGAE/g, respectively. This is the first report on the phytochemical estimation of SP formulation.","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial note – Resurgent Ayurveda and resurging research on Ayurveda","authors":"S. Eranezhath","doi":"10.4103/asl.asl_3_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.asl_3_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic disorders that lead to a gradual weakening of muscles, resulting in increased disability over time. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is one such condition and is inherited through an X-linked recessive pattern, primarily affecting males. Symptoms of BMD typically begin in the teenage years or late twenties. Initial signs may include muscle cramps during exercise and reduced stamina. Over time, there is a gradual loss of muscle bulk in the hips, pelvis, thighs, and shoulders, often leading to a tendency to walk on toes. In Ayurveda, the factors contributing to this disease are believed to be an aggravation of Vata (one of the three doshas), depletion of Mamsa (muscle tissue), and Meda (fat tissue), impaired digestive fire, and blockage of functional channels (Srotorodha). The present case involved a 15-year-old male with weakness in both lower limbs for 4 years, a decrease in muscle mass around the pelvic and thigh area for 3 years, and an increase in calf muscle size for 3 years. The patient exhibited pseudohypertrophy in both calf muscles and positive Gower's sign, along with a positive family history and elevated creatine phosphokinase levels, leading to a diagnosis of BMD. The treatment approach incorporated Panchakarma therapies and internal Ayurvedic formulations in line with the management of Sarvang Vata disorder. The treatment was administered in four sessions, with a 3-month gap between each therapy session. After a year of treatment, there was not only a halt in the progression of the disease but also a notable improvement in lower limb strength, which increased from 4 to 4+. In addition, there was an increase in proximal muscle mass, from 12.5 inches to 13 inches, and a reduction in calf muscle size and tightness. This promising outcome suggests the potential for managing the disease using Ayurvedic principles and therapies.
{"title":"Role of Ayurveda in the management of becker muscular dystrophy: A case study","authors":"Mohita Bohra","doi":"10.4103/asl.asl_49_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.asl_49_21","url":null,"abstract":"Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic disorders that lead to a gradual weakening of muscles, resulting in increased disability over time. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is one such condition and is inherited through an X-linked recessive pattern, primarily affecting males. Symptoms of BMD typically begin in the teenage years or late twenties. Initial signs may include muscle cramps during exercise and reduced stamina. Over time, there is a gradual loss of muscle bulk in the hips, pelvis, thighs, and shoulders, often leading to a tendency to walk on toes. In Ayurveda, the factors contributing to this disease are believed to be an aggravation of Vata (one of the three doshas), depletion of Mamsa (muscle tissue), and Meda (fat tissue), impaired digestive fire, and blockage of functional channels (Srotorodha). The present case involved a 15-year-old male with weakness in both lower limbs for 4 years, a decrease in muscle mass around the pelvic and thigh area for 3 years, and an increase in calf muscle size for 3 years. The patient exhibited pseudohypertrophy in both calf muscles and positive Gower's sign, along with a positive family history and elevated creatine phosphokinase levels, leading to a diagnosis of BMD. The treatment approach incorporated Panchakarma therapies and internal Ayurvedic formulations in line with the management of Sarvang Vata disorder. The treatment was administered in four sessions, with a 3-month gap between each therapy session. After a year of treatment, there was not only a halt in the progression of the disease but also a notable improvement in lower limb strength, which increased from 4 to 4+. In addition, there was an increase in proximal muscle mass, from 12.5 inches to 13 inches, and a reduction in calf muscle size and tightness. This promising outcome suggests the potential for managing the disease using Ayurvedic principles and therapies.","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vaidyaka Paribhasha Pradipa: A treatise on technical terminologies of Bhaishajya Kalpana (Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics)","authors":"Rohit Sharma, K. Harichandana, K. R. Reddy","doi":"10.4103/asl.asl_215_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.asl_215_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A proposal for “Ayurveda and informatics” as a modular course in BTech engineering program","authors":"Jhinuk Chatterjee","doi":"10.4103/asl.asl_86_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.asl_86_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jyothi Menon, A. Vijayasankar, B. Karalam, S. Balasubramani
Background: The development of standard protocol to improve the efficiency of a metal-based ayurvedic drug (Bhasma) requires understanding on the scientific basis and correlation between the preparation method and surface properties of the drug. Objective: With an objective to investigate the change in physico-chemical properties of a bhasma associated with preparation method, an extensive study was conducted on the synthesis and material characterization of ayurvedic drug Praval bhasma. Materials and Methods: Calcium-based ayurvedic traditional drug Praval bhasma was synthesized using red coral calyx which is a natural rich source of calcium. The surface properties and chemical aspects of the synthesised drug were studied using different characterization techniques. Results: The change in chemical composition due to the presence of phytoconstituents was evident from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis. The addition of Calotropis gigantea latex plays a major role in maintaining pH which further reduces the toxicity of metals. The addition of lime juice converts insoluble calcium salt to soluble salt. The results of characterization studies confirmed the reduction in particle size and increase in surface area of the drug which enhances the rate of absorption of calcium. The current study will provide useful insights to tune the physicochemical properties of drugs that are capable to develop a standard protocol which further helps to enhance the efficiency of the drug.
{"title":"A study on correlation between method of preparation, surface properties, and medicinal properties of traditional drug: Praval Bhasma","authors":"Jyothi Menon, A. Vijayasankar, B. Karalam, S. Balasubramani","doi":"10.4103/asl.asl_107_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.asl_107_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The development of standard protocol to improve the efficiency of a metal-based ayurvedic drug (Bhasma) requires understanding on the scientific basis and correlation between the preparation method and surface properties of the drug. Objective: With an objective to investigate the change in physico-chemical properties of a bhasma associated with preparation method, an extensive study was conducted on the synthesis and material characterization of ayurvedic drug Praval bhasma. Materials and Methods: Calcium-based ayurvedic traditional drug Praval bhasma was synthesized using red coral calyx which is a natural rich source of calcium. The surface properties and chemical aspects of the synthesised drug were studied using different characterization techniques. Results: The change in chemical composition due to the presence of phytoconstituents was evident from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis. The addition of Calotropis gigantea latex plays a major role in maintaining pH which further reduces the toxicity of metals. The addition of lime juice converts insoluble calcium salt to soluble salt. The results of characterization studies confirmed the reduction in particle size and increase in surface area of the drug which enhances the rate of absorption of calcium. The current study will provide useful insights to tune the physicochemical properties of drugs that are capable to develop a standard protocol which further helps to enhance the efficiency of the drug.","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Outcome of Ayurveda management in Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is studied. A 43-year-old female patient diagnosed with GBS for 10 days approached our hospital. History revealed that the patient was immediately managed in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital for 9 days and was intervened with antibiotics, glucocorticoids, and intravenous immunoglobulins, but the patient's attenders were not satisfied with the clinical improvements. The patient has a sensory deficit in the whole body below the neck level, loss of power in all extremities, and hypotonia with loss of deep tendon reflexes in all limbs and was diagnosed as Sarvāṅga vāta. Treatment was with panchakarma procedures such as Sarvāṅga alēpa (medicated paste applied to the whole body), Pariṣēka (medicated liquid poured over the whole body), abhyaṅga (therapeutic whole-body massage), Ṣaṣṭika śālī piṇḍa svēda (sudation massage using bolus of boiled rice with balā mūla decoction and milk), Nirūha basti (type of enema therapy), Anuvāsana basti (enema therapy), Grīvā Basti (oil pooling at cervical region of spine), Śirōtalam (medicated paste applied over the scalp), and oral medications. Usually, clinical worsening is observed in the first 2 weeks and then reaches a plateau and recovery might begin. The patient got total relief from the symptoms on the 80th day of the treatment. The patient was observed for the next 175 days. Assessments through the Barthel index, modified Rankin Scale, NIH Stroke Scale, and nerve conduction study showed complete recovery. Ayurveda treatment was effective in total recovery of GBS.
{"title":"Successful management of guillain-barre syndrome management through Ayurveda: A case report","authors":"B. Tubaki, Teja D Naik","doi":"10.4103/asl.asl_90_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.asl_90_21","url":null,"abstract":"Outcome of Ayurveda management in Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is studied. A 43-year-old female patient diagnosed with GBS for 10 days approached our hospital. History revealed that the patient was immediately managed in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital for 9 days and was intervened with antibiotics, glucocorticoids, and intravenous immunoglobulins, but the patient's attenders were not satisfied with the clinical improvements. The patient has a sensory deficit in the whole body below the neck level, loss of power in all extremities, and hypotonia with loss of deep tendon reflexes in all limbs and was diagnosed as Sarvāṅga vāta. Treatment was with panchakarma procedures such as Sarvāṅga alēpa (medicated paste applied to the whole body), Pariṣēka (medicated liquid poured over the whole body), abhyaṅga (therapeutic whole-body massage), Ṣaṣṭika śālī piṇḍa svēda (sudation massage using bolus of boiled rice with balā mūla decoction and milk), Nirūha basti (type of enema therapy), Anuvāsana basti (enema therapy), Grīvā Basti (oil pooling at cervical region of spine), Śirōtalam (medicated paste applied over the scalp), and oral medications. Usually, clinical worsening is observed in the first 2 weeks and then reaches a plateau and recovery might begin. The patient got total relief from the symptoms on the 80th day of the treatment. The patient was observed for the next 175 days. Assessments through the Barthel index, modified Rankin Scale, NIH Stroke Scale, and nerve conduction study showed complete recovery. Ayurveda treatment was effective in total recovery of GBS.","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ala, Y. S. Sanjaya Kumar, S. Gaidhani, Singh Vandhana Suneel, V. Reddy, Shrirang B. Jamdagni, N. T. Selvam
Vatari Guggulu is an Ayurvedic Medicine used in the treatment of Vata disorders. It contains Vatari taila (Castor oil), Shuddha gandhaka (purified Sulphur), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica [Gaertn.] Roxb.), Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) and guggul (Purified Commiphora mukul Hook). As per the Ayurvedic texts, it is widely used clinically in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, hip pain, sciatica, gout, joint pain, and burning sensation. However, there are no systematic toxicity studies were performed to scientifically evaluate the safety of Vatari Guggulu. The present study was designed to investigate the safety of Vatari Guggulu in acute and 90-days repeated dose oral toxicity as per Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines 423 and 408. During the acute toxicity, Vatari Guggulu was orally administered at a single limit dose of 2000 mg/kg. The mortality and clinical signs were observed for 14 days. Similarly, the 90-days repeated dose toxicity was studied by administering the Vatari Guggulu at a limit dose of 1000 mg/kg. In the acute toxicity, there were no signs of toxicity, and the LD50 was calculated as >2000 mg/kg. During the 90 days of repeated dose toxicity, the Vatari Guggulu at the dose of 1000 mg/kg did not show any signs of toxicity as compared to the control. The hematological, serum biochemical, and urine analysis profile of the Vatari Guggulu at the dose of 1000 mg/kg did not show any significant difference as compared to the control (P > 0.05). Further, the histopathological data of control and Vatari Guggulu-treated rats were found to be normal. It was concluded that the test drug Vatari Guggulu is found to be safe upto 2000 mg/kg 0in acute toxicity and 1000 mg/kg in 90-days repeated dose oral toxicity study. The NOAEL of Vatari Guggulu is established as 1000 mg/kg/day.
{"title":"Safety Evaluation of Vatari Guggulu through Acute and 90-day Repeated Dose Toxicity Study in Experimental Animals","authors":"S. Ala, Y. S. Sanjaya Kumar, S. Gaidhani, Singh Vandhana Suneel, V. Reddy, Shrirang B. Jamdagni, N. T. Selvam","doi":"10.4103/asl.asl_131_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.asl_131_22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Vatari Guggulu is an Ayurvedic Medicine used in the treatment of Vata disorders. It contains Vatari taila (Castor oil), Shuddha gandhaka (purified Sulphur), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica [Gaertn.] Roxb.), Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) and guggul (Purified Commiphora mukul Hook). As per the Ayurvedic texts, it is widely used clinically in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, hip pain, sciatica, gout, joint pain, and burning sensation. However, there are no systematic toxicity studies were performed to scientifically evaluate the safety of Vatari Guggulu.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study was designed to investigate the safety of Vatari Guggulu in acute and 90-days repeated dose oral toxicity as per Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines 423 and 408.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 During the acute toxicity, Vatari Guggulu was orally administered at a single limit dose of 2000 mg/kg. The mortality and clinical signs were observed for 14 days. Similarly, the 90-days repeated dose toxicity was studied by administering the Vatari Guggulu at a limit dose of 1000 mg/kg.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the acute toxicity, there were no signs of toxicity, and the LD50 was calculated as >2000 mg/kg. During the 90 days of repeated dose toxicity, the Vatari Guggulu at the dose of 1000 mg/kg did not show any signs of toxicity as compared to the control. The hematological, serum biochemical, and urine analysis profile of the Vatari Guggulu at the dose of 1000 mg/kg did not show any significant difference as compared to the control (P > 0.05). Further, the histopathological data of control and Vatari Guggulu-treated rats were found to be normal.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It was concluded that the test drug Vatari Guggulu is found to be safe upto 2000 mg/kg 0in acute toxicity and 1000 mg/kg in 90-days repeated dose oral toxicity study. The NOAEL of Vatari Guggulu is established as 1000 mg/kg/day.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruth Adefolakemi Oluwahenyinmi Gabriel Ajobiewe, Blessing O. Okotie, Mosope Blessing Gabriel, M. A. Fowora, Christian Mojisola Cyril Olutayo, Stephen Kayode S. Ojo
Bamboo leaf extracted with steep liquor from fermented cereal grains has been used as an ethnomedicine for the treatment of severe typhoid fever in Africa without the proper documentation of its efficacy and side effects. This study embarks on the evaluation of the toxicity and pharmacological safety profile of fermented Sorghum bicolor liquor extract of Bambusa tuldoides cv. ventricosa leaf as an ethnomedicine against Salmonella typhi infection. Reconstituted concentrates of various fermented extracts were used for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Acute toxicity assay comprised two phases. The bioassay constitutes a total of 25 albino mice randomly distributed into 5 test groups. Steep liquor from fermented S. bicolor seeds served as the extracting solvent for the leaf of B. tuldoides using Soxhlet apparatus. The determination of both the sensitivity test and MIC assay used different levels. Extracts were orally administered for acute toxicity and dosage determination studies. Extracts were administered at concentrations 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL per day for the bioassays. Application of one-way analysis of variance was used for the determination of the statistical significance of the variations at 0.05 and 0.01 levels. The average zones of inhibition were between 15.00 ± 2.34 and 20.00 ± 4.64 mm, and MIC was 12.5 mg/mL for the growth of S. typhi. The extract administered was found to be safe up to 5000 mg/kg body weight dosage. The agglutination result showed a concentration-dependent effectiveness of fermented liquor extract against S. typhi. Therefore, the bamboo leaf extract is efficient for the treatment of S. typhi infection.
在非洲，从发酵谷物中萃取的竹叶浸泡液一直被用作治疗严重伤寒的民族医药，但没有关于其疗效和副作用的适当记录。 本研究开始评估发酵高粱双色酒萃取物簕杜鹃叶（Bambusa tuldoides cv. ventricosa）的毒性和药理安全性。 各种发酵提取物的冲调浓缩物被用于最低抑菌浓度（MIC）检测。急性毒性试验包括两个阶段。生物测定由 25 只白化小鼠组成，随机分为 5 个试验组。 使用索氏提取器从发酵的 S. bicolor 种子中提取蒸馏液作为 B. tuldoides 叶子的提取溶剂。药敏试验和 MIC 检测均采用不同的浓度水平。口服提取物进行急性毒性和剂量测定研究。在生物测定中，每天给药的提取物浓度分别为 25、50 和 100 毫克/毫升。在 0.05 和 0.01 的水平上，采用单因素方差分析来确定差异的统计学意义。 对伤寒杆菌生长的平均抑制区介于 15.00 ± 2.34 mm 和 20.00 ± 4.64 mm 之间，MIC 为 12.5 mg/mL。提取物的安全剂量为 5000 毫克/千克体重。凝集结果表明，发酵酒提取物对伤寒杆菌的抑制作用与浓度有关。因此，竹叶提取物可有效治疗伤寒杆菌感染。
{"title":"Toxicological Studies and Antibacterial Efficacy of Sorghum bicolor Fermented Liquor Extracts of Bambusa tuldoides cv. ventricosa Leaf against Salmonella typhi","authors":"Ruth Adefolakemi Oluwahenyinmi Gabriel Ajobiewe, Blessing O. Okotie, Mosope Blessing Gabriel, M. A. Fowora, Christian Mojisola Cyril Olutayo, Stephen Kayode S. Ojo","doi":"10.4103/asl.asl_6_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.asl_6_19","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Bamboo leaf extracted with steep liquor from fermented cereal grains has been used as an ethnomedicine for the treatment of severe typhoid fever in Africa without the proper documentation of its efficacy and side effects.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study embarks on the evaluation of the toxicity and pharmacological safety profile of fermented Sorghum bicolor liquor extract of Bambusa tuldoides cv. ventricosa leaf as an ethnomedicine against Salmonella typhi infection.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Reconstituted concentrates of various fermented extracts were used for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Acute toxicity assay comprised two phases. The bioassay constitutes a total of 25 albino mice randomly distributed into 5 test groups.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Steep liquor from fermented S. bicolor seeds served as the extracting solvent for the leaf of B. tuldoides using Soxhlet apparatus. The determination of both the sensitivity test and MIC assay used different levels. Extracts were orally administered for acute toxicity and dosage determination studies. Extracts were administered at concentrations 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL per day for the bioassays. Application of one-way analysis of variance was used for the determination of the statistical significance of the variations at 0.05 and 0.01 levels.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The average zones of inhibition were between 15.00 ± 2.34 and 20.00 ± 4.64 mm, and MIC was 12.5 mg/mL for the growth of S. typhi. The extract administered was found to be safe up to 5000 mg/kg body weight dosage. The agglutination result showed a concentration-dependent effectiveness of fermented liquor extract against S. typhi. Therefore, the bamboo leaf extract is efficient for the treatment of S. typhi infection.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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