Potential of asiaticoside encapsulated alginate chitosan nanoparticles in the management of antiproliferative activity in C6 glioma cells

Renju Kunjumon , Gayathri Viswanathan , Sabulal Baby
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Abstract

Background

Asiaticoside is a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin constituent of the medicinal herb Centella asiatica, known for its neuroprotective, anticancer and other biological effects. The present study aims to develop and characterise asiaticoside encapsulated alginate chitosan nanoparticles (ACNPs) and evaluate their antiproliferative potential on C6 glioma cells.

Methods

ACNPs were prepared by the ionic gelation polyelectrolyte complexation technique and characterised by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effect of ACNPs were studied on C6 glioma cells using MTT and EdU-assays. Apoptosis/necrosis in C6 glioma cells was determined by annexin V and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) assays. Intracellular ROS generation in C6 glioma cells exposed with ACNP was determined by DCFDA assay using flow cytometry. Cell cycle analysis in C6 glioma cells treated with ACNP was performed by flow cytometry.

Results

Synthesised ACNPs showed spherical shape with 200 nm particle size, good thermal stability, and an acceptable polydispersity index. ASI from synthesized ACNPs demonstrated 90% encapsulation efficiency (EE) and 10% drug release within 24 h. Upon ACNP treatment mBA cells exhibited good cell viability and intact cell morphology. However, C6 cells displayed dose-dependent cytotoxicity when treated with ACNP. Annexin V and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) assays revealed late apoptosis and necrosis (p < 0.05) in C6 glioma cells treated with ACNP. Likewise, ACNPs significantly augmented reactive oxygen species generation (p < 0.05) in C6 glioma cells. ACNP treatment also resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase with chromatin condensation in C6 glioma cells.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that ACNPs act as an antiproliferative agent against C6 glioma cells via an increased intracellular ROS pathway that promotes apoptosis/necrosis. This study throws light on more in-depth mechanistic aspects of managing brain disorders using C. asiatica and its phytoconstituents.

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豨莶草苷包裹海藻酸壳聚糖纳米颗粒在管理 C6 胶质瘤细胞抗增殖活性方面的潜力
背景积雪草苷是积雪草药材中的一种五环三萜皂苷成分,以其神经保护、抗癌和其他生物效应而闻名。本研究旨在开发和鉴定海藻酸壳聚糖包裹的积雪草苷纳米粒子(ACNPs),并评估其对 C6 胶质瘤细胞的抗增殖潜力。利用 MTT 和 EdU 分析法研究了 ACNPs 对 C6 胶质瘤细胞的细胞毒性和抗增殖作用。C6 胶质瘤细胞的凋亡/坏死是通过附件素 V 和吖啶橙/溴化乙锭(AO/EtBr)检测法确定的。C6 胶质瘤细胞暴露于 ACNP 后产生的细胞内 ROS 是通过流式细胞仪的 DCFDA 检测法确定的。结果合成的 ACNP 呈球形,粒径为 200 nm,具有良好的热稳定性和可接受的多分散指数。合成的 ACNPs 的 ASI 封装效率(EE)为 90%,24 小时内药物释放量为 10%。然而,用 ACNP 处理 C6 细胞时,细胞毒性呈剂量依赖性。Annexin V 和吖啶橙/溴化乙锭(AO/EtBr)检测显示,经 ACNP 处理的 C6 胶质瘤细胞出现晚期凋亡和坏死(p < 0.05)。同样,ACNPs 还会明显增加 C6 胶质瘤细胞中活性氧的生成(p < 0.05)。这些研究结果表明,ACNPs 可通过增加细胞内 ROS 途径促进细胞凋亡/坏死,从而起到抗 C6 胶质瘤细胞增殖的作用。这项研究揭示了利用茜草及其植物成分治疗脑部疾病的更深入的机理。
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