Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100094
Yu Liu, Kyra Bi, Sierra Hodges, Jian Kong
Depression is a widespread mental health disorder that imposes significant challenges on individuals and society. Recently, the role of music in mental health has gained significant attention, with growing research and clinical application emphasizing its therapeutic benefits. This review examines the clinical evidence and recent advancements in music therapy as an adjunctive treatment for depression, with a focus on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Five-Element Music Therapy, Singing Bowl Music Therapy, and Vagus Nerve Music Therapy. These music modalities utilize sound and vibration to elicit psychological and physiological benefits, including reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, their applications extend to managing other health conditions such as sleep disturbances, cardiovascular health, chronic pain, and cognitive dysfunction. Integrating music therapy with conventional and complementary interventions, including acupuncture, meditation, yoga, and AI, may optimize therapeutic outcomes. This review underscores the potential of music therapy as a valuable and integrative approach in the treatment of depression and other health conditions. Nevertheless, further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms, standardize therapeutic protocols, compare different music therapies, and assess long-term efficacy through large-scale trials.
{"title":"Harmonious Healing: Advances in Music Therapy and other Alternative Therapy for Depression and Beyond","authors":"Yu Liu, Kyra Bi, Sierra Hodges, Jian Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression is a widespread mental health disorder that imposes significant challenges on individuals and society. Recently, the role of music in mental health has gained significant attention, with growing research and clinical application emphasizing its therapeutic benefits. This review examines the clinical evidence and recent advancements in music therapy as an adjunctive treatment for depression, with a focus on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Five-Element Music Therapy, Singing Bowl Music Therapy, and Vagus Nerve Music Therapy. These music modalities utilize sound and vibration to elicit psychological and physiological benefits, including reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, their applications extend to managing other health conditions such as sleep disturbances, cardiovascular health, chronic pain, and cognitive dysfunction. Integrating music therapy with conventional and complementary interventions, including acupuncture, meditation, yoga, and AI, may optimize therapeutic outcomes. This review underscores the potential of music therapy as a valuable and integrative approach in the treatment of depression and other health conditions. Nevertheless, further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms, standardize therapeutic protocols, compare different music therapies, and assess long-term efficacy through large-scale trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100197,"journal":{"name":"Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100093
Maria Syed , Chetan Parmar , Sjaak Pouwels
Background
Obesity is a global health challenge linked to chronic inflammation and numerous diseases. The immune dysregulation in obesity is characterized by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines. Exercise is known to modulate immune function and inflammation, but its specific effects on immune cells in overweight and obese individuals need further exploration. This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of exercise interventions on immune cells in this population.
Materials and methods
A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were sourced from PubMed, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, and Ovid up to June 14, 2024. Keywords included "Exercise Therapy", "physical activity", "Immune System", "immune modulation", "Obesity", "overweight", and "adiposity". Studies were included if they involved overweight or obese individuals undergoing exercise therapy for more than three weeks and measured immune cell outcomes. Articles discussing only inflammatory markers or genetic pathways were excluded. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS), and inter-rater agreement was calculated with Cohen’s kappa
Results
From 2571 articles, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Exercise interventions varied widely but generally included aerobic, resistance, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and combined regimens. Results demonstrated significant reductions in pro-inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes) and increased anti-inflammatory responses (e.g. immunoglobulins). High-intensity training showed substantial immunomodulatory effects, while moderate exercise was associated with enhanced immune function without suppression. We observed that neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes were the primary immune cells showing significant changes in response to various exercise interventions. These changes strongly correlated with improvements in inflammatory markers such as CRP and IL-6, which were consistently reduced following regular exercise.
Conclusion
Given the variability in exercise interventions, it is crucial to develop standardized exercise recommendations that can be tailored to the needs of overweight and obese individuals, taking into account factors such as age, gender, and baseline health status. Exercise therapy significantly influences immune cell profiles in overweight and obese individuals, reducing chronic inflammation and enhancing immune function. High-intensity training is particularly effective in reducing pro-inflammatory markers, while moderate exercise supports overall immune health. Tailored exercise programs are crucial for optimizing these benefits, with future studies needed to refine exercise recommendations for this demographic.
{"title":"The effects of exercise therapy on immune cells and function in patients with overweight or obesity: A systematic review","authors":"Maria Syed , Chetan Parmar , Sjaak Pouwels","doi":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity is a global health challenge linked to chronic inflammation and numerous diseases. The immune dysregulation in obesity is characterized by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines. Exercise is known to modulate immune function and inflammation, but its specific effects on immune cells in overweight and obese individuals need further exploration. This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of exercise interventions on immune cells in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were sourced from PubMed, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, and Ovid up to June 14, 2024. Keywords included \"Exercise Therapy\", \"physical activity\", \"Immune System\", \"immune modulation\", \"Obesity\", \"overweight\", and \"adiposity\". Studies were included if they involved overweight or obese individuals undergoing exercise therapy for more than three weeks and measured immune cell outcomes. Articles discussing only inflammatory markers or genetic pathways were excluded. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS), and inter-rater agreement was calculated with Cohen’s kappa</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2571 articles, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Exercise interventions varied widely but generally included aerobic, resistance, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and combined regimens. Results demonstrated significant reductions in pro-inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes) and increased anti-inflammatory responses (e.g. immunoglobulins). High-intensity training showed substantial immunomodulatory effects, while moderate exercise was associated with enhanced immune function without suppression. We observed that neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes were the primary immune cells showing significant changes in response to various exercise interventions. These changes strongly correlated with improvements in inflammatory markers such as CRP and IL-6, which were consistently reduced following regular exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Given the variability in exercise interventions, it is crucial to develop standardized exercise recommendations that can be tailored to the needs of overweight and obese individuals, taking into account factors such as age, gender, and baseline health status. Exercise therapy significantly influences immune cell profiles in overweight and obese individuals, reducing chronic inflammation and enhancing immune function. High-intensity training is particularly effective in reducing pro-inflammatory markers, while moderate exercise supports overall immune health. Tailored exercise programs are crucial for optimizing these benefits, with future studies needed to refine exercise recommendations for this demographic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100197,"journal":{"name":"Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100092
Sanam Alilou , Parya Valizadeh , Sara KamaliZonouzi , Dorsa Salabat , Payam Jannatdoust , Mobina Amanollahi , Fatemeh Rashidi , Sahar Rezaie , Sahar Delavari , Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
Background
This study systematically reviews the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, CRP-related DNA methylation, and diffusion MRI metrics (DTI and NODDI) in a variety of populations.
Methods
The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, using databases such as Scopus and PubMed. Selected studies were analyzed for methodologies including TBSS, ROI-based, volume-based DTI analysis, NODDI-based analysis, structural connectometry, and graph theory approaches.
Results
29 studies from a broad spectrum of populations (healthy individuals, aging populations, patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, HIV, obesity, COPD, COVID-19, preterm birth, and asymptomatic carriers of the Apo-E4 gene) were included, highlighting relationship between CRP levels/DNAm signatures and white matter integrity, with notable correlations in specific brain regions. Specific results showed that higher CRP levels were generally associated with lower fractional anisotropy values in critical brain regions such as the Corpus Callosum, cingulum, and anterior thalamic radiation. Moreover, DTI metrics of other neural pathways including superior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, external capsule, fornix and corticospinal tract were consistently correlated with CRP levels. Epigenetic studies revealed that DNA methylation might offer a more stable indicator of chronic inflammation's impact on the brain compared to serum CRP levels. While some studies identified significant correlations between CRP levels (or DNAm) and DTI metrics, others reported no significant correlations after false discovery rate correction suggesting potential moderating factors such as age, disease severity, or treatment status.
Conclusion
This comprehensive review emphasizes the complex and varied relationship between systemic inflammation, as indicated by CRP levels and brain microstructural integrity. These insights are crucial for understanding the role of inflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders and the potential impact on cognitive functions and neural connectivity.
{"title":"The association between c-reactive protein and human brain microstructure: A systematic review of diffusion imaging studies","authors":"Sanam Alilou , Parya Valizadeh , Sara KamaliZonouzi , Dorsa Salabat , Payam Jannatdoust , Mobina Amanollahi , Fatemeh Rashidi , Sahar Rezaie , Sahar Delavari , Mohammad Hadi Aarabi","doi":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study systematically reviews the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, CRP-related DNA methylation, and diffusion MRI metrics (DTI and NODDI) in a variety of populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, using databases such as Scopus and PubMed. Selected studies were analyzed for methodologies including TBSS, ROI-based, volume-based DTI analysis, NODDI-based analysis, structural connectometry, and graph theory approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>29 studies from a broad spectrum of populations (healthy individuals, aging populations, patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, HIV, obesity, COPD, COVID-19, preterm birth, and asymptomatic carriers of the Apo-E4 gene) were included, highlighting relationship between CRP levels/DNAm signatures and white matter integrity, with notable correlations in specific brain regions. Specific results showed that higher CRP levels were generally associated with lower fractional anisotropy values in critical brain regions such as the Corpus Callosum, cingulum, and anterior thalamic radiation. Moreover, DTI metrics of other neural pathways including superior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, external capsule, fornix and corticospinal tract were consistently correlated with CRP levels. Epigenetic studies revealed that DNA methylation might offer a more stable indicator of chronic inflammation's impact on the brain compared to serum CRP levels. While some studies identified significant correlations between CRP levels (or DNAm) and DTI metrics, others reported no significant correlations after false discovery rate correction suggesting potential moderating factors such as age, disease severity, or treatment status.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This comprehensive review emphasizes the complex and varied relationship between systemic inflammation, as indicated by CRP levels and brain microstructural integrity. These insights are crucial for understanding the role of inflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders and the potential impact on cognitive functions and neural connectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100197,"journal":{"name":"Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huntington's disease (HtD), an inherited genetic neurodegenerative disorder, posed threat to elderly population world-wide. HtD is caused by the repetition of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) in HtD gene, which further leads to the formation of a mutant Huntington (mHtt) protein that is responsible for neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Symptoms of HtD usually begin in adulthood and progress slowly, resulting in psychiatric disturbances, motor deficits and cognitive dysfunction. The medium spiny neurons of the striatum and cortex are mainly affected in HtD. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that lead to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. This typically includes molecular genetics, oxidative stress (OS), excitotoxicity, mitochondrial impairment etc. Natural bioactives are a diverse group of compounds derived from plants, animals and microorganisms. They have been found to modulate multiple signaling pathways involved in the development of HtD and have potentials in reducing OS, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death, which are key pathological processes in HtD.Mostly natural bioactive offers protection either by down-regulating the OS, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunctions, microglial inactivation, neuroinflammation and/or by upregulating ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy & lysosomal degradation pathway, apoptotic pathway, purinergic signaling pathway.In this chapter, we have summarized various natural bioactives that exhibit therapeutic potential against HtD. Furthermore, we have discussed the opportunities and challenges associated with the development of safe and effective natural bioactives-based therapies against HtD.
{"title":"Pharmacology of natural bioactive compounds used for management of Huntington diseases: An overview","authors":"Dipak Dilipkumar Gadade , Rashmi Sareen , Nitin Jain , Kamal Shah , Vimal Kumar , Anuj Modi , Nagendra Singh Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Huntington's disease (HtD), an inherited genetic neurodegenerative disorder, posed threat to elderly population world-wide. HtD is caused by the repetition of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) in HtD gene, which further leads to the formation of a mutant Huntington (mHtt) protein that is responsible for neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Symptoms of HtD usually begin in adulthood and progress slowly, resulting in psychiatric disturbances, motor deficits and cognitive dysfunction. The medium spiny neurons of the striatum and cortex are mainly affected in HtD. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that lead to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. This typically includes molecular genetics, oxidative stress (OS), excitotoxicity, mitochondrial impairment etc. Natural bioactives are a diverse group of compounds derived from plants, animals and microorganisms. They have been found to modulate multiple signaling pathways involved in the development of HtD and have potentials in reducing OS, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death, which are key pathological processes in HtD.Mostly natural bioactive offers protection either by down-regulating the OS, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunctions, microglial inactivation<strong>,</strong> neuroinflammation and/or by upregulating ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy & lysosomal degradation pathway, apoptotic pathway, purinergic signaling pathway.In this chapter, we have summarized various natural bioactives that exhibit therapeutic potential against HtD. Furthermore, we have discussed the opportunities and challenges associated with the development of safe and effective natural bioactives-based therapies against HtD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100197,"journal":{"name":"Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100089
Maren B. Nyer , Simmie L. Foster , Samuel R. Petrie , Naoise Mac Giollabhui , Dylan A. Gould , M.C. Flux , Richard J. Norton , Megha Nagaswami , Alice Viotti , Grace A. Ding , Grace E. Cross , Defne Yucebas , Chloe Sorensen , Isabelle Abdallah , Juliana Peacock , Anika Dalvie , Aava Jahan , Lyanna R. Kessler , Lauren M. Sandal , Brandon M. Marquart , David Mischoulon
Background
Both heated and non-heated yoga have demonstrated antidepressant effects in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with a greater number of studies evaluating non-heated yoga. Both heated and non-heated yoga may exert antidepressant effects in part by reducing inflammation. We report the first RCT evaluating the impact of heated yoga on inflammatory biomarkers in participants with moderate-to-severe depression.
Methods
Adults (N = 80) were randomized to either a heated yoga or a waitlist group. The heated yoga group attended at least two community heated yoga classes per week for 8 weeks. The waitlist group completed an initial 8-week waitlist period, followed by the same heated yoga intervention. Blood samples were collected at baseline, at 8 weeks, and after the waitlist group completed the heated yoga intervention. Serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers (IFNγ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and TNF-α) were measured. Linear mixed models were used to explore three aims: 1) changes in inflammatory biomarker levels between treatment groups at the primary 8-week endpoint; 2) changes in inflammatory biomarkers from baseline to study endpoint for those in the waitlist phase of the waitlist group and those in the yoga phase of the waitlist group; and 3) the interaction between baseline inflammatory biomarkers and change in depression severity after 8-weeks of heated yoga vs. waitlist control.
Results
Forty-five participants (n = 17 for the heated yoga group and n = 28 for the waitlist group) had inflammatory biomarker data available for analyses. Significant differences in inflammatory biomarker levels were not found between groups at the 8-week endpoint (Aim 1). Similarly, changes in inflammatory biomarkers from baseline to study endpoint did not differ for those in the waitlist phase of the waitlist group and those in the yoga phase of the waitlist group (Aim 2). Lastly, the interaction between baseline inflammatory biomarkers and change in depression severity after 8-weeks of heated yoga vs. waitlist control was not significant (Aim 3).
Conclusion
Heated yoga showed no significant reduction in inflammatory biomarker levels. Possible reasons include a small sample size, insufficient heated yoga dosage, timing of sampling, not targeting individuals with higher baseline inflammatory biomarker levels, or peripheral inflammatory biomarkers not influencing heated yoga’s antidepressant effects. Further research is needed to clarify the antidepressant mechanisms of heated yoga.
{"title":"Inflammatory biomarker findings from a randomized controlled trial of heated yoga for depression","authors":"Maren B. Nyer , Simmie L. Foster , Samuel R. Petrie , Naoise Mac Giollabhui , Dylan A. Gould , M.C. Flux , Richard J. Norton , Megha Nagaswami , Alice Viotti , Grace A. Ding , Grace E. Cross , Defne Yucebas , Chloe Sorensen , Isabelle Abdallah , Juliana Peacock , Anika Dalvie , Aava Jahan , Lyanna R. Kessler , Lauren M. Sandal , Brandon M. Marquart , David Mischoulon","doi":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Both heated and non-heated yoga have demonstrated antidepressant effects in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with a greater number of studies evaluating non-heated yoga. Both heated and non-heated yoga may exert antidepressant effects in part by reducing inflammation. We report the first RCT evaluating the impact of heated yoga on inflammatory biomarkers in participants with moderate-to-severe depression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adults (<em>N</em> = 80) were randomized to either a heated yoga or a waitlist group. The heated yoga group attended at least two community heated yoga classes per week for 8 weeks. The waitlist group completed an initial 8-week waitlist period, followed by the same heated yoga intervention. Blood samples were collected at baseline, at 8 weeks, and after the waitlist group completed the heated yoga intervention. Serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers (IFNγ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and TNF-α) were measured. Linear mixed models were used to explore three aims: 1) changes in inflammatory biomarker levels between treatment groups at the primary 8-week endpoint; 2) changes in inflammatory biomarkers from baseline to study endpoint for those in the waitlist phase of the waitlist group and those in the yoga phase of the waitlist group; and 3) the interaction between baseline inflammatory biomarkers and change in depression severity after 8-weeks of heated yoga vs. waitlist control.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-five participants (<em>n</em> = 17 for the heated yoga group and <em>n</em> = 28 for the waitlist group) had inflammatory biomarker data available for analyses. Significant differences in inflammatory biomarker levels were not found between groups at the 8-week endpoint (Aim 1). Similarly, changes in inflammatory biomarkers from baseline to study endpoint did not differ for those in the waitlist phase of the waitlist group and those in the yoga phase of the waitlist group (Aim 2). Lastly, the interaction between baseline inflammatory biomarkers and change in depression severity after 8-weeks of heated yoga vs. waitlist control was not significant (Aim 3).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Heated yoga showed no significant reduction in inflammatory biomarker levels. Possible reasons include a small sample size, insufficient heated yoga dosage, timing of sampling, not targeting individuals with higher baseline inflammatory biomarker levels, or peripheral inflammatory biomarkers not influencing heated yoga’s antidepressant effects. Further research is needed to clarify the antidepressant mechanisms of heated yoga.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100197,"journal":{"name":"Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100090
Jamil Ahmad , Abdul Azeez , Md Anzar Alam , Rukhsar Baseer
Background and purpose
In Unani medicine leech therapy is used as analgesic and resolvent purposes. The saliva of leech contains various biological substances like Hirudin, hyaluronidase, vasodilators, anesthetics, antibacterial, fibrinases, collagenase etc. To compare the efficacy of Leech therapy with local antifungal clotrimazole (1 %) cream in dermatophytosis on long term basis.
Material and methods
A randomized, standard controlled, open labeled, clinical study was conducted on 40 patients of dermatophytosis, aged 18–60 years, and were randomly assigned into two groups; 20 patients in test group and 20 in control group. Patients were diagnosed clinically and confirmed through KOH examination. Complete haemogram, bleeding and clotting times, random blood sugar, HIV I & II, and HBsAg tests were carried out before starting the therapy, while haemogram was repeated after completion of treatment too. In test group, five sittings of leech therapy were applied, with intervals of one week. The control group was given clotrimazole (1 %) cream for topical application twice daily, continuously for a period of 28 days. Post-treatment follow-ups were done on 35th day in person, and then over the phone on 45th, 60th, and 90th days. Data were collected using Signs and Symptoms Severity Score for study, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). After completion of trial, appropriate tests were applied for statistical analysis of data.
Results
The study shows, in most of the parameters, statically significant therapeutic effect in both the groups (p<0.001). No patients of either group reported any adverse event throughout the trial.
Conclusion
it appeared that leech therapy can contribute significantly in treating dermatophytosis (Qūbā) without any adverse effect, and with prolonged efficacy compared to standard treatment.
{"title":"Effect of leech therapy in dermatophytosis: A randomized standard controlled trial","authors":"Jamil Ahmad , Abdul Azeez , Md Anzar Alam , Rukhsar Baseer","doi":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><div>In Unani medicine leech therapy is used as analgesic and resolvent purposes. The saliva of leech contains various biological substances like Hirudin, hyaluronidase, vasodilators, anesthetics, antibacterial, fibrinases, collagenase etc. To compare the efficacy of Leech therapy with local antifungal clotrimazole (1 %) cream in dermatophytosis on long term basis<em>.</em></div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A randomized, standard controlled, open labeled, clinical study was conducted on 40 patients of dermatophytosis, aged 18–60 years, and were randomly assigned into two groups; 20 patients in test group and 20 in control group. Patients were diagnosed clinically and confirmed through KOH examination. Complete haemogram, bleeding and clotting times, random blood sugar, HIV I & II, and HBsAg tests were carried out before starting the therapy, while haemogram was repeated after completion of treatment too. In test group, five sittings of leech therapy were applied, with intervals of one week. The control group was given clotrimazole (1 %) cream for topical application twice daily, continuously for a period of 28 days. Post-treatment follow-ups were done on 35th day in person, and then over the phone on 45th, 60<sup>th,</sup> and 90th days. Data were collected using Signs and Symptoms Severity Score for study, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). After completion of trial, appropriate tests were applied for statistical analysis of data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study shows, in most of the parameters, statically significant therapeutic effect in both the groups (p<0.001). No patients of either group reported any adverse event throughout the trial.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>it appeared that leech therapy can contribute significantly in treating dermatophytosis (<em>Qūbā</em>) without any adverse effect, and with prolonged efficacy compared to standard treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100197,"journal":{"name":"Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100088
Okezie Emmanuel , Sonachi N. Okeke , Rozina , Emmanuel D. Dike , Abdur-Rahman E. Bello , Ahamefula A. Ahuchaogu , Christopher Elekwachi , Bruno O. Iwuchukwu
Cancer, a formidable global health challenge, poses chronic and persistent treatment obstacles. The imperative to combat cancer through preventive measures emerges as a pivotal strategy in mitigating this intricate disease worldwide. This discourse highlighted the intricate roles of plant-derived compounds (PDCs) endowed with anti-cancer properties. The study, encompassing research on human and animal cancer cell lines, scrutinizes articles sourced from English-language repositories such as PubMed, Springer, Wiley, Scopus, and the Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. The PDCs like quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin, genistein, daidzein, apigenin, luteolin, vitexin, naringenin, resveratrol, silibinin, and astaxanthin found in fruits and vegetables exhibit promise in combating various cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, these compounds induce apoptosis, modulate the activities of molecular cytoprotective and antioxidant enzymes, and influence signal transduction pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), including extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), P38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Despite their potential, many PDCs face solubility challenges in aqueous environments, impacting their bioavailability and questioning their therapeutic translation into clinical practice. This prompts the need for further research on the pharmacokinetics and optimal delivery strategies for these health-promoting compounds targeting cancer cells.
{"title":"Role of plant-derived compounds in immune enhancement against uncontrollable cell proliferation","authors":"Okezie Emmanuel , Sonachi N. Okeke , Rozina , Emmanuel D. Dike , Abdur-Rahman E. Bello , Ahamefula A. Ahuchaogu , Christopher Elekwachi , Bruno O. Iwuchukwu","doi":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer, a formidable global health challenge, poses chronic and persistent treatment obstacles. The imperative to combat cancer through preventive measures emerges as a pivotal strategy in mitigating this intricate disease worldwide. This discourse highlighted the intricate roles of plant-derived compounds (PDCs) endowed with anti-cancer properties. The study, encompassing research on human and animal cancer cell lines, scrutinizes articles sourced from English-language repositories such as PubMed, Springer, Wiley, Scopus, and the Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. The PDCs like quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin, genistein, daidzein, apigenin, luteolin, vitexin, naringenin, resveratrol, silibinin, and astaxanthin found in fruits and vegetables exhibit promise in combating various cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, these compounds induce apoptosis, modulate the activities of molecular cytoprotective and antioxidant enzymes, and influence signal transduction pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), including extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), P38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Despite their potential, many PDCs face solubility challenges in aqueous environments, impacting their bioavailability and questioning their therapeutic translation into clinical practice. This prompts the need for further research on the pharmacokinetics and optimal delivery strategies for these health-promoting compounds targeting cancer cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100197,"journal":{"name":"Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100087
Bianca Castro dos Santos , Ana Kéren Gomes Reis , Ricardo Aparecido Baptista Nucci , Ana Carolina Pinheiro Campos , Daniel de Oliveira Martins , Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno , Rosana Lima Pagano
Neuropathic pain (NP), a debilitating and chronic condition often accompanied by comorbid depression, presents significant therapeutic challenges. While conventional pharmacological treatments, though valuable, usually fall short in addressing their multifaceted nature, the pursuit of innovative solutions has led to the exploration of ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew originating from Amazonian plants, as a promising candidate. Recent investigations have unveiled its therapeutic potential in psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, characterized by notable alterations in mood-regulatory brain networks. In this narrative review, we explore ayahuasca's potential role in modulating neuropathic pain. Through the analysis of preclinical studies and functional MRI analyses, we aim to elucidate its influence on the affective-motivational component of pain perception and the complex immune modulation intrinsic to the pathophysiology of NP. Ayahuasca demonstrates the capacity to reduce activity within regions of the default mode network, closely linked with depression, thereby presenting a novel approach to addressing the interwoven complexities of chronic pain and mood disturbances. Furthermore, its potential to activate serotonin and sigma-1 receptors and modulate the immune/inflammatory response, including glial cells and the midbrain periaqueductal gray, a pivotal brain structure in the propagation and modulation of pain, provides valuable insights into its analgesic mechanisms. Despite these promising insights, we emphasize the imperative of rigorous research to establish the efficacy and safety, mechanisms of action, and long-term effects of ayahuasca therapy in the context of NP.
{"title":"The unpaved road of ayahuasca, a psychoactive brew, as a treatment for neuropathic pain: A review of mechanistic insights and clinical prospects","authors":"Bianca Castro dos Santos , Ana Kéren Gomes Reis , Ricardo Aparecido Baptista Nucci , Ana Carolina Pinheiro Campos , Daniel de Oliveira Martins , Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno , Rosana Lima Pagano","doi":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neuropathic pain (NP), a debilitating and chronic condition often accompanied by comorbid depression, presents significant therapeutic challenges. While conventional pharmacological treatments, though valuable, usually fall short in addressing their multifaceted nature, the pursuit of innovative solutions has led to the exploration of ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew originating from Amazonian plants, as a promising candidate. Recent investigations have unveiled its therapeutic potential in psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, characterized by notable alterations in mood-regulatory brain networks. In this narrative review, we explore ayahuasca's potential role in modulating neuropathic pain. Through the analysis of preclinical studies and functional MRI analyses, we aim to elucidate its influence on the affective-motivational component of pain perception and the complex immune modulation intrinsic to the pathophysiology of NP. Ayahuasca demonstrates the capacity to reduce activity within regions of the default mode network, closely linked with depression, thereby presenting a novel approach to addressing the interwoven complexities of chronic pain and mood disturbances. Furthermore, its potential to activate serotonin and sigma-1 receptors and modulate the immune/inflammatory response, including glial cells and the midbrain periaqueductal gray, a pivotal brain structure in the propagation and modulation of pain, provides valuable insights into its analgesic mechanisms. Despite these promising insights, we emphasize the imperative of rigorous research to establish the efficacy and safety, mechanisms of action, and long-term effects of ayahuasca therapy in the context of NP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100197,"journal":{"name":"Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949834124000436/pdfft?md5=7178d51f6fcc1415ce3633f6c33f972b&pid=1-s2.0-S2949834124000436-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100086
Bo Yang , Zeheng Li , Xingshun Xu , Zhigang Miao
Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PP-PTSD) is a psychological stress disorder that occurs as a result of traumatic childbirth experiences, posing significant risks to the physical and mental well-being of mothers. Although a variety of factors at different stages of the prenatal, traumatic or postnatal may lead to the development of PP-PTSD, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Previous studies suggest that immunity and inflammation may play an important role in its mechanism, but there is still a lack of sufficient evidence. As a result, treatment options are very limited. This review aims to provide an overview of recent research advancements in the identification, development, immune / Inflammation, and treatment approaches for PP-PTSD. Overall, PP-PTSD is influenced by multiple factors and has substantial detrimental effects; however, current treatment strategies remain incomplete. Therefore, further research efforts are warranted to ensure timely and effective interventions for a larger number of patients.
{"title":"Advances of the risk factors, immune and inflammation, therapy in postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder","authors":"Bo Yang , Zeheng Li , Xingshun Xu , Zhigang Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PP-PTSD) is a psychological stress disorder that occurs as a result of traumatic childbirth experiences, posing significant risks to the physical and mental well-being of mothers. Although a variety of factors at different stages of the prenatal, traumatic or postnatal may lead to the development of PP-PTSD, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Previous studies suggest that immunity and inflammation may play an important role in its mechanism, but there is still a lack of sufficient evidence. As a result, treatment options are very limited. This review aims to provide an overview of recent research advancements in the identification, development, immune / Inflammation, and treatment approaches for PP-PTSD. Overall, PP-PTSD is influenced by multiple factors and has substantial detrimental effects; however, current treatment strategies remain incomplete. Therefore, further research efforts are warranted to ensure timely and effective interventions for a larger number of patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100197,"journal":{"name":"Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949834124000424/pdfft?md5=07878614dd6533ee4e1b4375cf33dac1&pid=1-s2.0-S2949834124000424-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shankhapushpi is an important Ayurvedic drug used for treating various disease conditions of nervous system. Convolvulus prostratus Forssk. is the genuine source plant for Shankhapushpi as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India; however Clitorea ternatea L. is widely used as Shankhapushpi in southern part of India. In this study, comparative phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation has been done in two plants such as Convolvulus prostratus and Clitorea ternatea used as Shankhapushpi.
Methods
Phytochemical comparison was done by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Detailed metabolite profiling was performed using Q-TOF-LC/MS-MS analysis. Antiamnesic activity of selected plants has been evaluated against scopolamine induced amnesia model in Wistar rats.
Results
Phytochemical studies showed that only a few chemical constituents are common for both species. Most of the phytochemicals are different for selected species. LC/MS analysis showed presence of genipin and 7-hydroxyflavone in both species. Pharmacological study showed that both plants possess antiamnesic activity against Scopolamine induced memory loss; However C. ternatea possesses significant antiamnesic activity than that of C. prostratus.
Conclusion
The study provided valuable information about the selected species in terms of its phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties. The study also provided a scientific support for using both species as Shankhapushpi.
背景Shankhapushpi是一种重要的阿育吠陀药物，用于治疗神经系统的各种疾病。根据印度阿育吠陀药典，Convolvulus prostratus Forssk.是 Shankhapushpi 的真正来源植物；但在印度南部地区，Clitorea ternatea L. 被广泛用作 Shankhapushpi。本研究对用作 Shankhapushpi 的 Convolvulus prostratus 和 Clitorea ternatea 这两种植物进行了植物化学和药理评估比较。使用 Q-TOF-LC/MS-MS 分析法进行了详细的代谢物分析。评估了所选植物对东莨菪碱诱导的 Wistar 大鼠健忘症模型的抗健忘活性。大多数植物化学成分在所选物种中是不同的。LC/MS 分析表明，两种植物中都含有玄参素和 7-羟基黄酮。药理研究表明，这两种植物都具有抗东莨菪碱引起的记忆力减退的活性；但 C. ternatea 的抗记忆力活性明显高于 C. prostratus。该研究还为将这两种植物用作香卡普希皮提供了科学依据。
{"title":"Phytochemical characterization and evaluation of anti-amnesic activity of two source plants of Shankhapushpi","authors":"Sulaiman C.T., Jyothi C.K., Jinu Krishnan Unnithan G., Prabhukumar K.M., Indira Balachandran","doi":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Shankhapushpi</em> is an important Ayurvedic drug used for treating various disease conditions of nervous system. <em>Convolvulus prostratus</em> Forssk. is the genuine source plant for <em>Shankhapushpi</em> as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India; however <em>Clitorea ternatea</em> L. is widely used as <em>Shankhapushpi</em> in southern part of India. In this study, comparative phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation has been done in two plants such as <em>Convolvulus prostratus</em> and <em>Clitorea ternatea</em> used as <em>Shankhapushpi</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Phytochemical comparison was done by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Detailed metabolite profiling was performed using Q-TOF-LC/MS-MS analysis. Antiamnesic activity of selected plants has been evaluated against scopolamine induced amnesia model in Wistar rats.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Phytochemical studies showed that only a few chemical constituents are common for both species. Most of the phytochemicals are different for selected species. LC/MS analysis showed presence of genipin and 7-hydroxyflavone in both species. Pharmacological study showed that both plants possess antiamnesic activity against Scopolamine induced memory loss; However <em>C. ternatea</em> possesses significant antiamnesic activity than that of <em>C. prostratus</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study provided valuable information about the selected species in terms of its phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties. The study also provided a scientific support for using both species as <em>Shankhapushpi</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100197,"journal":{"name":"Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949834124000412/pdfft?md5=5abe2e361c2d1b80578b83c74e25d032&pid=1-s2.0-S2949834124000412-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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